Strange coins

It may appear strange that the term reduction is associated with a gaining process. Actually, the term reduction was coined as a result of what happens to the oxidation number of the element when the electron transfer takes place. The oxidation number of an element is a number representing the state of the element with respect to the number of electrons the element has given up, taken on, or contributed to a covalent bond. For example, pure sodium metal has neither given up, taken on, nor shared electrons, and thus its oxidation number is zero. In sodium chloride, however, the sodium has given up an electron and becomes a +1 charge thus its oxidation number is +1. The chlorine in NaCl has taken on an electron... 

A certain country has just two kinds of coins. One coin is called a sevna and is worth 7 units. The other coin is a levna, and it s worth 11 units. Because of these strange units, some prices can t be paid for exactly using these coins. 

In the same article, Gore coined a principle that applies to regulating new and strange technologies such as biotechnology If you don t [regulate], you know somebody else will (emphasis in original). 

In this section you have seen lone pairs on anions and neutral molecules acting as nucleophiles and, more rarely, Jt bonds and even g bonds able to do the same job. In each case the nucleophilic electrons came from the HOMO—the highest occupied molecular orbital—of the molecule. Don t worry if you find the curly arrows strange at the moment. They will soon be familiar. Now we need to look at the other side of the coin—the variety of electrophiles. 

When the trajectory is viewed in all three dimensions, rather than in a two-dimensional projection, it appears to settle onto an exquisitely thin set that looks like a pair of butterfly wings. Figure 9.3.3 shows a schematic of this strange attractor (a term coined by Ruelle and Takens (1971)). This limiting set is the attracting set of zero volume whose existence was deduced in Section 9.2. 

Marie emigrated to Paris in 1891 at the age of 24, where she decided to pursue a degree in science at the Sorbonne Institute. While studying there, Marie met Pierre Curie, a well-respected physicist, and they were married in 1895, after which Marie decided to pursue a doctorate in physics. As the subject of her doctoral thesis, she studied the strange radiation emitted by uranium ore, which had been accidentally discovered by Henri Becquerel. In her studies, Madame Curie noticed that pitchblende produced more radiation than uranium, and she became convinced that an as-yet-unknown element in pitchblende was responsible for this "radioactivity"—a term that she coined. 

The discovery of liquid crystals by humans is due to the Austrian botanist Friedrich Reinitzer [14] what he observed in 1888 were cholesteric MLCs (see Section 41.3.1). Some people did not believe Reinitzer that such strange structures are possible. However, a German scientist named Otto Lehmann asked Reinitzer for some samples, conducted similar experiments, and reported virtually identical results a year later [15]. Given the popirlar disbelief, Lehmaim s resirlts were not exactly trivial. Lehmaim also coined the name liquid crystals —over objections of Reinitzer, who said the name is wrong and constitutes a contradiction. As you can easily imagine, there were cen-tennnial celebrations in Austria in 1988 and in Germany in 1989. 

It may appear strange that the term reduction is associated with a gaining process. Actually, the term reduction was coined as a result of what happens to the oxidation number of the element when the electron transfer takes place. What is meant by oxidation number ... 

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