Straight, Michael

Copper compounds are catalysts for the Michael addition reaction (249), olefin dimerizations (245, 248), the polymerization of propylene sulfide (142), and the preparation of straight-chain poly phenol ethers by oxidation of 2,6-dimethylphenol in the presence of ethyl- or phenyl-copper (209a). Pentafluorophenylcopper tetramer is an intriguing catalyst for the rearrangement of highly strained polycyclic molecules (116). The copper compound promotes the cleavage of different bonds in 1,2,2-tri-methylbicyclo[1.1.0]butane compared to ruthenium or rhodium complexes. Methylcopper also catalyzes the decomposition of tetramethyllead in alcohol solution (78, 81). 

Lithium enolates do not even solve all problems of chemoselectivity most notoriously, they fail when the specific enolates of aldehydes are needed. The problem is that aldehydes self-condense so readily that the rate of the aldol reaction can be comparable with the rate of enolate formation by proton removal. Fortunately there are good alternatives. Earlier in this chapter we showed examples of what can go wrong with enamines. Now we can set the record straight by extolling the virtues of the enamines 96 of aldehydes.17 They are easily made without excessive aldol reaction as they are much less reactive than lithium enolates, they take part well in reactions such as Michael additions, a standard route to 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds, e.g. 97.18... 

Stork enamine reaction uses an enamine as a nucleophile in a Michael reaction, straight-chain alkane (normal alkane) an alkane in which the carbons form a continuous chain with no branches. 

The AEC s attempts to calm public fears produced, at best, mixed results. The agency intended its February report to be reassuring, but the information it presented was unavoidably disquieting. The new bombs and the threat of fallout, wrote Michael Straight in the New Republic, heralded "a foreboding future." A series of U.S. tests of small atomic bombs in Nevada in early 1955 and Soviet hydrogen blasts later in the year raised levels of radioactivity over large areas and rekindled public... 

CRT, the abbreviation for cathode-ray tube, was once a familiar acronym. Before liquid crystal display (LCD) was available, the CRT was the heart of computer monitors and TV sets. The first cathode-ray tube was made by Michael Faraday (1791-1867) about 150 years ago. When he passed electricity through glass tubes from which most of the air had been evacuated, Faraday discovered cathode rays, a type of radiation emitted by the negative terminal or cathode. The radiation crossed the evacuated tube to the positive terminal or anode. Later scientists found that cathode rays travel in straight lines and have properties that are independent of the cathode material (that is, whether it is iron, platinum, and so on). The construction of a CRT is shown in Figure 2-6. The cathode rays produced in the CRT are invisible, and they can be detected only by the light emitted by materials that they strike. These materials, called phosphors, are painted on the end of the CRT so that the path of the cathode rays can be revealed. Fluorescence is the term used to describe the emission of light by a phosphor when it is struck by... 

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