Stirring, high efficiency

Lawrence, USP 2595960 (1952) CA 46, 7332 (1952) [Highly efficient colloidal explosive shaped charges are prepd by pouring into a shaped container, first NG (precooled to 0-5°), and then dry, pulped NC and a stabilizer, using as little stirring as possible. Then the container is heated until the mass becomes homogeneous and complete colloiding of NC is... 

By raising the operating pressure and temperature, the output of equilibrium fuel cells is shown to be reduced. The output includes electrical power from the fuel cell, power from the isen-tropic and isothermal circulators, and power from the Carnot cycle. No artificial credit is given for producing combined heat and power by the popular but erroneous addition of power and heat, which have different units, to produce mythical high efficiencies. The addition of similar units (e.g. power plus power, or heat plus heat) is the valid procedure, in line with Joule s irreversible experiment, from which 1W s 1J. The 3> sign can never mean =. In particular the stirred liquid of the experiment cannot be unstirred. 

Equation 4.20 shows that mass transfer is a determining factor in anionic polymerisation of PO, a high surface area of the liquid reaction mass giving high rates of PO consumption. On the other hand, due to the very high efficiency of stirring, the gas-liquid contactor reactor type assures a very narrow MW distribution of the resulting polyether. For the ethoxylation of intermediate propoxylated polyethers (in block copolymers PO-EO... 

In a similar way with PHD polyols, PIPA polyols can be produced in very high efficiency stirred reactors or using the static mixers in series. A technological variant for PIPA polyol fabrication, by reaction of TEOA with TDI, is presented in Figure 6.12. 

The superbase DBU was chosen as catalyst for the ROP of lactide because of its fast kinetics, high efficiency, and prevention of transesterification. However, it was decided to add bis(3,5-trifiuoromethyl)phenyl cyclohexylthiourea (thiourea) as co-catalyst to further increase the efficiency and overcome possible steric hindrance arising from the bulkiness of macromolecular initiators. The thiourea was synthesized according to Pratt et al. [41]. Briefly, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate (3.37 ml, 18.5 mmol) and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (20 ml) were added to a flame-dried two-neck round bottom flask. Cyclohexylamine (2.11 ml, 18.5 mmol) was added dropwise via a syringe at room temperature to the stirring solution. After... 

Ilic et al. (2009) used a mixture of acetonitrile and water (80 20, v/v) as the solvent for the extraction of the drug from the microparticles. Then, the drug was quantified by high efficiency liquid chromatography—HPLC. In a study of insulin microencapsulation, the authors proposed that microparticles were initially stirred in a vortex with chloroform, and then insulin was extracted with HCl 0.01 M. After that, the solution was centrifuged and, in the end, insulin was quantified by HPLC (Maschke et al., 2007). 

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