Stigma meaning

Procedure of pollen preparation Pollen can be washed off stigmas with an acetone solution as water or other polar solutions often fail to sufficiently break electrostatic bonds holding heterospecific pollen to stigma. However, this means the acetone must be evaporated in an air drying oven (48 h) because a Coulter Counter requires a saline solution of standard volume (usually 10-20 ml) be used to prepare pollen samples. If the solutions are mixed and the volumes are inconsistent, there is a risk that differences in conductivity will create errors. 

Now I fully embrace the idea that I have major psychiatric problems and I need the medication. And now I m glad for the relief it gives me. But it was a long, long road. It took me decades, twenty years or so, to get to the point where I don t mind having the prescriptions. I just wanted to be like everyone else and not [take medications]. I mean, there is still a real stigma. .. attached to psychiatric medications.. .. [But] I just know now that I need it and I m going to take it and that s it. 

Portenoy and Payne (1997) insist upon a distinction between physical dependence and addiction. What they mean by physical dependence is roughly what 1 mean, but they define addiction as a condition in which one is unable to abstain "Use of the term addiction to describe patients who are merely physically dependent reinforces the stigma associated with opioid therapy and should be abandoned. If the clinician wishes to describe a patient who is believed to have the capacity for abstinence, the term physical dependency must be used (564). Since my second level of dependency, which I consider to be addiction proper, need not involve this inability, Portenoy and Payne are marking a different distinction. 

When the pollen is transferred to the stigma of its own flower the process is called Close or Self-pollination) if to a stigma of another flower. Cross-pollination. If fertilization follows, these processes are termed respectively, Close or Self-fertilization and Cross-fertilization. Close-fertilization means in time ruination to the race and happily is prevented in many cases by (a) the stamens and pistils standing in extraordinary relation to each other, (b) by the anthers and pistils maturing at different times, (c) by the pollen in many cases germinating better on the stigma of another flower than its own. 

Style.—That portion of a pistil connecting the ovary with the stigma. Stylopo dium.—The fleshy disk directly above the ovarian portion of an Umbelliferous fruit, formed by the expansion of the bases of the two styles. Sub.—A prefix of Latin origin meaning under, below, subordinate, nearly or partially. 

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