Stiffening treatment

The effects of a fabric stiffening treatment can be quantified by the cantilever method described in ASTM 01388-96. A sample of specified length and width is placed on top of the test device. The device has a horizontal surface connected to a downward incline. The fabric is pushed over the incline until the sagging leading edge just touches the inclined plane of the device. The length of fabric that has passed over the point where the horizontal and incline meet is used to calculate the fabric s flexural rigidity. 

In most individuals, the systolic pressure increases sharply with age, whereas the diastolic pressure increases until about age 55 years and then declines. Older individuals with an elevated systolic pressure have a condition known as isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). When the systolic pressure is high, blood vessels become less flexible and stiffen, leading to cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. Research indicates that treating ISH saves lives and reduces illness. The treatment is the same for ISH as for other forms of hypertension. 

In Flory s original treatment, llmtra accounts for the increase of the chain stiffness when the temperature is lowered. Flory93 described this chain stiffening by... 

By 1950, a number of follow-up studies of addicts following treatment seemed to establish that, consistently, 80 percent or more reverted to drug use within a few years (O Donnell 1965). In 1951, Congress passed the Boggs Act, which introduced the first mandatory minimum sentencing requirements for drug trafficking. These penalties were further stiffened by the 1956 Narcotic Control Act. In the classic era of... 

The alternative method [46] of analyzing the data is based on the treatment by Odijk and Houwaart [36] of the excluded volume effect on the electrostatic stiffening of semi flexible chains. The total persistence length lt of a stiff polyelectrolyte is the sum of the intrinsic persistence length lp=hl2 and the electrostatic persistence length le,... 

The ninhydrin treatment caused a 25 % increase in work needed to extend by 30 % (Cockburn et al., 1953, Cockburn and Speakman, 1956a,b), and Feughelman and Watt (1964) conclude that ninhydrin-treated fibers behave in water like untreated fibers at 90 % R.H. Likewise, fibers containing adsorbed dye are stiffened (Speakman and Elliott, 1946) and alkylation of reduced fibers with benzyl chloride gives stiffer fibers (in water) than alkylation with methyl iodide (Harris et al., 1942). 

The formation of self-assembled materials is governed by a number of experimental parameters the choice of inorganic precursors and surfactants, the inorganic to surfactant ratio, amount of water and other solvents used, pH during synthesis, additives, reaction time and temperature, treatments used to stiffen the inorganic framework, and treatments to remove surfactant and obtain porosity, all decide the final ordering, porosity and surface area. It is well known that successful... 

Edgegum. [Piedmont Chem. Industries] Noncurl stiffener for edge treatment of fabrics. 

The principle is fairly plain, even an old one. In 1939, the active ingredient of curare—an ancient plant toxin weapon still in use by Indians—was isolated for the first time. In 1943, it was introduced successfully into anesthesiology. Curare provided adequate muscle relaxation without the depressant effect of deep anesthesia induced by ether or chloroform. Over the last 20 years, physicians have used curare to ease the stiffened muscles caused by polio and to treat such diverse conditions as lockjaw, epilepsy, and cholea (a nervous disorder characterized by uncontrollable muscle movements). Eventually, more effective treatments were found for these illnesses, but the active ingredient of curare, d-tubocurarine, led to the skeletal muscle relaxant Intocostrin, which has been used in surgery ever since. Synthetic analogs of d-tubocurarine are used tens of thousands of times per day in the operating room [309]. 

Patients with PD do not move their arms when they walk, and they are slow in performing all their activities. Eighty percent of the patients have a tremor at rest that disappears when they move. There is a general stiffening of the body. When properly diagnosed, treatment is begun with L-dopa that increases dopamine in the brain, often with a dramatic improvement in symptoms. Its effectiveness decreases after about 4-5 years of treatment. L-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, was introduced >30 years ago. The fact that administration of the dopamine precursor, l-DOPA greatly relieves the... 

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