Steroids structural formula

Steroids are another class of natural products with multiple chirality centers One such compound is cholic acid which can be obtained from bile Its structural formula IS given m Figure 7 12 Cholic acid has 11 chirality centers and so a total (including cholic acid) of 2" or 2048 stereoisomers have this constitution Of these 2048 stereoiso mers how many are diastereomers of cholic acid s Remember Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers and any object can have only one mirror image Therefore of the 2048 stereoisomers one is cholic acid one is its enantiomer and the other 2046 are diastereomers of cholic acid Only a small fraction of these compounds are known and (+) cholic acid is the only one ever isolated from natural sources... 

Chemical Name 170-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one 3-phenylpropionate Common Name 19-nortestosterone (3-phenylpropionate Structural Formula See Nandrolone Decanoate for the steroid structure Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 62-90-8 434-22-0 (Base)... 

Therapeutic Function Anabolic steroid Chemical Name 17/ -Aceto-3-oxoestra-4,9,11-triene-3-one Common Name Trienolone acetate Structural Formula ... 

Diverse plants (A) are sources of sugar-containing compounds (glycosides) that also contain a steroid ring (structural formulas, p. 133) and augment the contractile force of heart muscle (B) cardiotonic glycosides, cardiosteroids, or digitalis."... 

SAMPLE SOLUTION (a) As the structural formula in step 5 of Figure 26.10 indicates, the double bond of cholesterol unites C-5 and C-6 (steroid numbering). The corresponding carbons in the cyclization reaction of step 1 in the figure may be identified as C-7 and C-8 of squalene 2,3-epoxide (systematic IUPAC numbering). 

Fig. 20. Structural formulae of mono- and bifunctional steroid molecules used in ref. 91.

Thus, e.g. as in the typical investigation in Ref. [110], long-range intramolecular electron transfer has been detected for rigid bifunctional steroid molecules dissolved in THF. The structural formulae of these compounds are represented in Fig. 16. The donor acceptor pairs I-V presented in this figure are separated by various numbers, n, of similar chemical bonds, the so-called n-bond system. The anion-radicals of molecules I-V were obtained via reactions of these molecules... 

When it comes to physicochemical (biological) properties the common structural formulae obscure rather than explain the problem. One of the most convincing examples may be the anaesthetic activity of chemicals. Among general anaesthetics one can identify such diverse chemical families like hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, barbiturates, nitrous oxide, steroids, etc. Each one must have anaesthetic activity encoded in its structure but how is it discovered using conventional chemical symbolic The planar or three-dimensional chemical notation can be an obstacle to making a breakthrough in chemistry. 

From data of Table 2 and structural formula of steroid molecules can be calculated the In k by equation (3) and then k of steroids. The comparison of the experimental In k values and calculated ones are presented on Fig. 14. 

When using structural formulae, care should be taken in the interpretation and representation of isomeric and geometric features. This is particularly true for the stereochemistry of complex lipids such as acylglycerols and the ring systems and substituents of steroids. The development of a solid grounding in lipid nomenclature will stand the researcher or food technologist in good stead. 

A unique numbering system is used for steroids and is indicated in the structural formula. 

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