Steroid content

Halcinonide was partitioned between hexanes and methanol, and between hexanes and aqueous acetonitrile at apparent pH values of 2,4,6(unadjusted), and 10. After one hour of mixing, the steroid content was determined by ultraviolet spectrometry of both phases. In all cases, absorbance at the peak maximum of 239 nm was detected only in the acetonitrile-water or methanol layer. The aqueous acetonitrile (pH 6) result was verified- using 14C-halcinonide labeled at the 2- carbon of the acetonide moiety. Thus, the halcinonide is completely retained in either the acetonitrile-water or methanol layers, indicating the utility of these solvent systems for extracting the steroid from formulations. 

The need to apply the cream sparingly results from the steroid content and its use twice rather than three times daily comes from the information on the prescription (bd). 

Kanematsu, H., Maruyama, T., Niiya, I., Amamura, A. and Matsumoto, T. (1973) Changes in the steroid content of edible fats and oils during commercial processing. J. Japan Oil Chem. Soc., 22, 814-817. 

Determination of adrenal gland steroid content may be included but is of limited value. Determination of serum concentrations of corticosterone and aldosterone may be included during up week 3 for studies of 4 week-duration, but needs to be performed under well controlled conditions which reduce stress to a minimum. 

Detection and quantitation of steroids. The confirmation of the steroid content of a biological sample is a routine procedure in many GC-MS laboratories. The development of the human urinary steroid profiles ... 

Table X. Steroid content of Suwannee River samples of raw foam and humic substances from stream, foam, and foam extract.

The metabolism of the C19 and C21 steroids and estrogens in the fetus will be considered separately, and a separate subsection on the steroid content of amniotic fluid has been included. 

Steroid Content op Normal Amniotic Fluid in Late Pregnancy... 

The 3j8-hydroxy-A steroid content of amniotic fluid (S12) is compared with that in adult and infant urine and umbilical cord blood in Fig. 6. Schindler and co-workers have assayed several 3/3-hydroxy-A steroids and others in amniotic fluid for both normal and abnormal pregnancies (S4, S5). 

By studying the steroid content of arterial and venous umbilical cord blood, it is possible to obtain a considerable amount of information on steroid metabolism in both the fetus and the placenta. Quantitative assays can indicate uptake or production by either body, and as the blood is relatively easily obtained in quantity it also provides a ready source of material from which new compounds can be extracted and identified. In abnormal conditions a study of its steroid content can provide early information on steroid production by the infant adrenal at birth. 

The 3 -hydroxy-A steroid content of infant blood has been found by Eberlein (E4) to rise rapidly after delivery and decline after the first week. A similar rise and fall was noted for the 17-OS (Section 6). Initially the A° content was highest, but the situation was reversed after 7 days. Eberlein suggested that the effect might be explained by involution of the fetal zone of the adrenal concomitant with a maturing liver function. 

The steroidal contents in callus cultures of C. speciosus were reported to be diosgenin, tigogenin, lanosterol and stigmasterol [130]. 

A syndrome referred to as partial Addison s disease has been described recently. The symptoms are mild and can be revealed only under stress. The electrolyte and steroid contents of the blood are not altered at rest, yet when these patients are injected with ACTH they do not respond normally. 

The half-height width (HHW) of the transition peak is used as a measure of the interactions between solubilized compounds and the phospholipid bilayers [130,133]. This is one of the few available methods for determining the amount of hydrophobic material incorporated into the liposomes. Fildes and Oliver [131] used this criterion to maximize the incorporation of hydrocortisone-21-palmitate in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. The temperature of the main phase transition was considered independent of steroid content, although the HHW increased to a maximum of 9 at 13.2% before diminishing, indicating the maximum... 

The response to dexamethasone can be found by estimating the 17-oxogenic steroid content of 24 hour urines taken before and after the dose. 

The chapter should not be considered as a review, since all possible modifications of techniques and the corresponding references have not been included. With but a few exceptions, the procedures which are described in detail are among those used routinely in the authors own laboratories. We have described herein only those procedures which are useful for the actual isolation of the pure steroids. In so doing, we have excluded several methods for analyzing the adrenal steroid content of blood and urine, since in most cases the final products are not isolated as chemical entities. 

Although the chromatographic adsorption column has been an invaluable tool for the qualitative aspect of corticosteroid research of the past several years, it is being supplemented, and in many laboratories actually replaced, by the more versatile partition column. With this method, quantitative separations and recoveries are effected with ease after preliminary evaluations of the steroid content of a concentrate are indicated on spot paper chromatograms. 

Investigators in many laboratories are applying the constantly changing techniques to studies of the adrenal steroid content of blood and urine. In addition, much effort has been devoted to the investigation of the distribution of steroids in the adrenal glands themselves. These studies constitute one type of approach in the attempt to correlate the adrenal hormone pattern with certain biological phenomena. 

Fig. 8. Ultraviolet print of a narrow-strip paper chromatogram made for the preliminary evaluation of the steroid content of an extract of hog adrenal tissue. The top and bottom channels contained the six active adrenal steroids as comparison standards. The adrenal extract mixture was applied to the other channels in four concentrations as shown. The paper chromatogram was then developed in the toluene-propylene glycol system, for six hours at 26°C.

---