Step 5 Refinement of Protein Models

Once the proposed protein structure has been constructed, it usually needs to be refined. For models developed from very similar templates (greater than 85% similarity), the need to refine the structures will likely be minimal, however. The creation and refinement of a protein model is considered by expert modelers to be a single process, but here, for simplicity, we treat 

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The three protein model constructing methodologies discussed in this section use different conceptual means to construct a protein model. The refinement methodologies inherent to these methods were not discussed. In the section. Step 5 Refinement of Protein Models, the refinement of the raw output of these methods (the protein model) to further reduce steric clashes is described. 

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