Step line change

Recovery time — Interval required for output voltage or current to return to a value within specifications after step load or line changes. 

There is other kinetic evidence in accord with a tetrahedral intermediate. For example, the rate constant for the reaction between acetamide and hydroxylamine is not constant, but decreases with increasing hydroxylamine concentration. This is not a smooth decrease there is a break in the curve. A straight line is followed at low hydroxylamine concentration and another straight line at high concentration. This means that the identity of the ratedetermining step is changing. Obviously, this cannot happen if there is only one step there must be two steps, and hence an intermediate. Similar kinetic... 

The system of nonlinear differential equation given above, has been numerically solved and applied to analyze the axial C distributions in 150-mm crystals grown by LEG and VGF. As an example, the axial carbon concentration as a function of the solidified fraction for several VGF crystals grown at constant or step-wise changes of CO partial pressure is represented in Fig. 9.28. All these results can be described (solid lines in Fig. 9.28) by one and the same set of parameters (see Table 9.2) only adjusting the initial concentrations of carbon in the GaAs melt and oxygen in the boron oxide encapsulant. 

Line 12 in the listing sets all the initial coefficient values to 0 while lines 15 and 16 make coefficients 1 through 4 active with no limit on the step size. The step 1 call to nlstsqQ on line 19 then determines values of C, to with to C, set to zero. The first line of the printed output then shows that the RMS error obtained with just the numerator is 68.46 and was obtained after 2 iterations. Line 22 then makes C, active with an initial value of 0.3 and a step[5] value of 1.2. The initial value is selected so that the denominator will be positive at all values of X over the range of -3 to 2, i.e. so that 1+ C, x >0. The step selection value will allow nlstsqQ to change C, by approximately 20% at each iteration step. Line 23 then re-executes nlstsqQ to evaluate the first denominator coefficient. For this step, the previously determined coefficients C, - C, are also again re-evaluated as the Cj value is adjusted. The second line of the output then shows fliat the achieved RMS error is 51.99 and was achieved after 14 Newton iterative steps. 

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