Stemona tuberosa

Stemona tuberosa Lour Lepidium apetalum Willd. 

Stemoamide (36), isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Stemona tuberosa in 1992, is one of the structurally simplest members of the Stemona family and has shown many biological activities. Olivo and others used a highly... 

In the course of a search for a-glucosidase inhibitors, Kitaoka et al. found that such inhibitors are present in some Thai traditional crude dmgs [39]. For example, a-HNJ occurs in Non tai yak at a level of 0.1 % (dry weight). The Non tai yak sample is known to be Stemona tuberosa (Stemonaceae), which has been used in China and Japan for various medicinal purposes. In particndar, an extract from the fresh tuberous roots of S. tuberosa is used to treat respiratory disorders, including pulmonary tuberculosis and bronciiitis, and is also recommended as an insecticide [27,40,41]. In 2005, re-examination of polyhydroxylated alkaloids in S. tuberosa led to the isolation of thirteen alkaloids, 1, 24,25,31,36,37 (0.1 % of dry weight), 38,40,41,... 

In the course of a search for a-glucosidase inhibitors, Kitaoka et al. found that such inhibitors are present in some Thai traditional crude drags [45]. For example, a-HNJ occurs in Non tai yak at a level of 0.1% (dry weight). The Non tai yak sample is known to be Stemona tuberosa (Stemonaceae), which has been used in China and Japan for various medicinal pur-... 

This base, C22H33O4N (mp 125° [aJn —86° perchlorate, mp 213° was isolated from Stemona tuberosa Lour, by Kondo et al. 13). 

Accompanied by stemofurans A-K (92-102), the bibenzyls and stilbostemins A-F (132-137), were also isolated fi-om Stemona collinsae roots together with five known derivatives -the stilbenes pinosylvin and 4-methylpinosylvin and the dihydrophenanthrene stemanthrene D (359) [57]. Stilbostemin B (133) and D (135) have been previously isolated from Stemona tuberosa [75]. The consecutively designated stilbostemin G (138) was isolated from Stemona cf. pierrei [76]. It became apparent that the stilbenoids of Stemona genus can be characterized mainly by the C-methylation of aromatic rings and the formation of phenylbenzofurans. 

There are six species of stemona plants growing in China Stemona tuberosa Lour. St. sessilifolia (Miq) French, et Savat, St. japonica (Blume) Miq., St. parviflora C.H. Wright, St. mairei Levi and Croomia japonica Miq. The first three plants are used in TCM and the latter three are used in folk medicine as insecticide, too. In the past, eleven stemona alkaloids have been separated from the roots of the first three Stemona plants and their structures were determined mostly by X-ray crystallography analyses due to the complexity of these structures. (Table 7 and Scheme 15) [58,59]. There are also several other stemona alkaloids, which have been reported, but their structures are unknown. 

Jacobi and co-workers ° described the total synthesis of racemic stemoamide, a member of the stemona alkaloids isolated in 1992 from Stemona tuberosa, and an enantioselective route to (-)-stemoamide. The starting alkyne oxazoles 200 and 203 were prepared from y-chlorobutyryl chloride 199 in five steps (Fig. 3.60). 

Chung H-S, Hon P-M, Lin G, But PP-H, Dong H. Antitussive activity of Stemona alkaloids from Stemona tuberosa. Planta Med 2003 69 914-20. 

Pyrido[l,2-fl]azepine core is common to a group of alkaloids extracts from Stemona plants (Stemonaceae). Stemona together Pentastemona, Croomia, and Stichoneuron are four genera of Stemonaceae. The roots of three species, Stemona tuberosa, Stemona japonica, and Stemona sessifolia, have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for a variety of purposes such as treatment of cough, bronchitis, tuberculosis, pertussis, and as antiparasitic agents [1-5],... 

Lee KY, Sung SH, Kim YC (2006) Neuroprotective bibenzyl glycosides of Stemona tuberosa roots. J Nat Prod 69 679-681... 

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