Steam emulsion number

Steam Emulsion Number (S.E.N.) determines emulsion characteristics resulting Irom steam condensing in oil. It is the time in. seconds in which oil and water separate in distinct layers from an emulsion (at 200-203 F) produced by bubbling steam into 20 ml of oil until the volume of emulsion becomes 40 ml. 

Neutralisation number, 0.15 max Neutralisation number, 0.16 max Neutralization number, 1.0 max Neutralisation number, 1.0 max Neutralisation number, 0.1 max Neutralization number, 3.0 max Steam emulsion number, demnl sibility, and Sligh oxidation number also speoified Dielectric strength, 1-in. disk, 0.1-hi. gap, 25,000 volts Insotable per cent, 0.1 Insoluble per cent, 0.1 Colorless... 

Turbine Oils. High-speed machinery, such as steam turbines and dynamos, may cause emulsions with water and hence the ASTM steam emulsion number (D157) and demulsibility test of the Federal government (Method 320.13) are useful. Extreme stability, attained mainly by long filtration through fuller s earth, is necessary because these oils may be used for several years. 

Transformer Oils. These and insulating oils must withstand large electrical voltages, and hence the dielectric strength (usually 1-in. disks, 0.1-in. gap, 25,000 volts minimum) is important. The steam emulsion number is usually specified in order to assure stability during several years of service. 

A number of undesirable phenomena can create difficulties during steam flood treatment collapse of the bottomhole zone of producing well, sand plugging of well, formation of stable oil emulsions, production using "overheated" wells, and shortage of water of sufricient quality for steam generation. 

One of the most widely used examples of polymerization in a CSTR train is that of synthetic rubber. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and neoprene are free radical polymerized, most often in an emulsion polymerization system. These rubbers are highly susceptible to branching. Excessive branching will cause the rubber to be unusable. Branching is accelerated by a high ratio of polymer to monomer. For this reason, the monomer is often polymerized to 50-70% conversion, then the polymerization is stopped and the monomer is steam-stripped from the product and recycled. In this case, very high conversion is not necessary and a train of 5-15 CSTRs is often used. This number of CSTRs in... 

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