Steam continuous

Further study revealed that the A Unit was being steamed out just after the pre-op crew shut off steam to the B Unit. The steam in the B Unit continued to condense as the unit cooled while steam continued in the A Unit for two additional days. The range of the pressure transmitter on the B Coker Drum was 0 to 60 psig, therefore it could not indicate a negative pressure. 

Another potential concern of proper shutdown is the potential formation of coke on the catalyst or in the reactor itself. Coke formation could occur if the 02/C ratio is maintained too low in the absence of steam for an extended period of time. In order to ensure a safe shutdown, the oxidant is removed from the system while fuel and steam continue to flow for a short period to ensure all oxidizants have been removed from the system. Subsequently, the reactor can be blanketed with an inert gas for cooldown. 

In the 1850s, the gas producer was invented, and the water-gas process was discovered in Europe. In the gas producer, coal and coke were completely converted to gas by reacting coal with air and steam continuously in a downward moving bed at atmospheric pressure. The gas obtained in this method, called producer gas, had a low heating value (3500-6000kJ/m3). 

Steam distillation is also a very simple and effective method for the purification or deodorisation of high-boiling organic substances (e.g. essential oils). In the food industry, fats or fatty acids are deodorised and decolourised with steam. Continuous steam distillation in a column is used for this purpose. In this operation, the heated oil is run as a thin film countercurrently to the steam this reduces the amount of steam... 

Liu J, Yang R, Fan B (2014) Methods of nitric acid steam continuous nitration process for the preparation of ethyl nitrate. China Patent ZL 201110456374.0, March 2014... 

Heat the flask with a microburner at a rate such that the contents are brought to boiling in not less than thirty minutes. After the condenser has become full of steam, continue to heat the flask so that the distillation proceeds smoothly for three to five minutes for small amounts or longer, until the volume is reduced by about half, for appreciable amounts of arsenic. During the whole of this procedure, and particularly at the moment when the steam reaches the cold water in the receiver, care should be taken to prevent a suck back. The distillation must not be taken too far, i.e. fumes of sulphur trioxide must not appear. When the distillation is complete open the tap, remove the burner, and disconnect the condenser. Wash down the condenser once with a few millilitres of water, collecting the washings in the cylinder. Evaporate the distillate to dryness on a water-bath, dissolve the residue by warming in 3 ml of... 

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