Statistics spreadsheets

A number of statistics and spreadsheet software packages are available to perform ANOVA calculations. 

Spreadsheet Analysis Once validation is complete, prescreening the measurements using the process constraints as the comparison statistic is particularly usenil. This is the first step in the global test discussed in the rectification section. Also, an initial adjustment in component flows will provide the initial point for reconciliation. Therefore, the goals of this prescreening are to ... 

Statistical packages and spreadsheets solve the simultaneous equations in (2.8) to estimate (J rather than computing the matrix inverse in Equation (2.9). 

Models are often best understood relative to the situation they are designed to describe if their constitutive variables are allowed to fluctuate statistically in a realistic way. Once a variable has been assigned a suitable density of probability distribution and the parameters of this distribution have been chosen, the fluctuations can be conveniently produced by using random deviates from statistical tables. A random deviate is a particular value of a standard random variable. Many elementary books in statistics contain tables of deviates from uniform, normal, exponential,. .. distributions. Many high-level computation-oriented programming languages (e.g., MatLab) and spreadsheets, such as Microsoft Excel, also contain random number generators. The book by Press et al. (1986) contains software that produces random deviates for the most commonly used probability distributions. 

Callender, J.T. and Jackson, R. (1995) Exploring probability and statistics with spreadsheets, Prentice-Hall, UK. 

In Chapter 4.2.6, Excel Linest, we discuss the LINEST function of Excel which is much more versatile while still covering the best line fit. LINEST delivers the results into the spreadsheet where they can be used for further calculations. Additionally, LINEST supplies a statistical analysis. 

Making spreadsheet, graphs of data, statistical analysis Lotus 1-2-3 Excel. 

Due to the limited availability of test materials, the evaluation of biological materials often involves more statistical analysis to extract data than is typically used for the other materials classes. In this exercise, the use of statistics and spreadsheets will be illustrated in order to compare the experimental results of wear data for the candidate materials. 

Using a spreadsheet function or analysis tool, perform a Smdent s f-test to compare the mean values of each of the first four wear rates with that of gold (the last value in the column) at an agreed-upon confidence level—for example, 95% confidence level. If you have not yet learned how to do Student s f-test, check out any book on elementary statistics, and learn how to do a f-test, or use the Help menus in your spreadsheet package. The goal is to determine if the mean wear rates of the four ceramic materials are statistically different from the wear rate for gold. If done correctly, you will have performed four separate f-tests in this step. 

Following are some data from an Australian soil trial in which a sample of soil was analyzed three times by each of 10 laboratories for TP A (total peroxide acidity expressed as moles per tonne). The results are given in spreadsheet 2.3. The sample variance is calculated as the square of the sample standard deviation, and the Cochran statistic is calculated from equation 2.20. 

It is important to note that, although the tables of experimental designs in this chapter show an orderly progression of experimental conditions, when the experiments are done, the order must be randomized. A random order can be generated in a spreadsheet, or if statistical or validation software is used, the program might randomize the order. Randomizing the order of experiments is the best way to confound uncontrolled effects and should always be employed. 

If a laboratory subscribes to statistical software, it is likely that control charts will be available and the data just need to be entered. When using a regular spreadsheet, there are a couple of tips for drawing the limit lines that might... 

Statistical approach. The linearity results can be subjected to statistical analysis (e.g., use of statistical analysis in an Excel spreadsheet). The p-value of the -intercept can be used to determine if the intercept is statistically significant. In general, when the p-value is less than 0.05, the... 

If spreadsheets are to be used it is prudent to ensure that any macros and procedures are correct and that the in-built statistical functionality is appropriate It is very easy to select the s function instead of s i. Remember that... 

The next step is to examine the remaining data to see if a laboratory average or pair are too extreme in comparison with the rest of the data. This is somewhat more complicated and involves the calculation of Grubbs statistics but can be easily done with a spreadsheet. The process is as follows ... 

If you already use a spreadsheet, you can skip this section. The computer spreadsheet is an essential tool for manipulating quantitative information. In analytical chemistry, spreadsheets can help us with calibration curves, statistical analysis, titration curves, and equilibrium problems. Spreadsheets allow us to conduct what if experiments such as investigating the effect of a stronger acid or a different ionic strength on a titration curve. We use Microsoft Excel in this book as a tool for solving problems in analytical chemistry. Although you can skip over spreadsheets with no loss of continuity, spreadsheets will enrich your understanding of chemistry and provide a valuable tool for use outside this course. 

In a spreadsheet, enter the mean in cell A2 and the standard deviation in cell B2. To find the area under the Gaussian curve from — oo to 900 h in cell C4, we select cell C4 and go to the INSERT menu and choose FUNCTION. In the window that appears, select the Statistical functions and find NORMDIST from the list of possibilities. Double click on NORMDIST and another window appears asking for four values that will be used by NORMDIST. (If you click on help, you will find a cryptic explanation of how to use NORMDIST.)... 

Calculator capable of two-variable statistics or computer with spreadsheet or graphing software... 

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