Spreadsheet functions

Using a spreadsheet function or analysis tool, perform a Smdent s f-test to compare the mean values of each of the first four wear rates with that of gold (the last value in the column) at an agreed-upon confidence level—for example, 95% confidence level. If you have not yet learned how to do Student s f-test, check out any book on elementary statistics, and learn how to do a f-test, or use the Help menus in your spreadsheet package. The goal is to determine if the mean wear rates of the four ceramic materials are statistically different from the wear rate for gold. If done correctly, you will have performed four separate f-tests in this step. 

D. BB Use the NORMDIST spreadsheet function to answer these questions about the brakes described in Exercise 4-C ... 

Tables of DFs are available in various places, but calculations are now much simplified by use of spreadsheet functions.

One of the most useful tools to spot and eliminate errors is a spreadsheet, such as Excel or QuattroPro. QSAR modelers very frequently use spreadsheets to organize data into columns and rows of standardized values of the independent and dependent parameters. Spreadsheets allow easy sorting and filtering — two important functions used to find problem data and duplicates and other errors. In addition, spreadsheets have search and replace routines, plotting, and correlation functions, which allow the data to be reviewed in various comprehensive ways. The data can also be exported to other file types, which allow analysis by other software for statistics and any types of quantitative and qualitative relationships that may exist. It cannot be emphasized enough that the typical spreadsheet functions (including graphing functions) are excellent tools to find and eliminate erroneous or questionable values, duplicates, and other problem entries. 

Most of file exercises in this book can be performed using simple spreadsheet functions, and this is a valuable exercise for the learner. However, it is not possible to perform PCA calculations in Excel without using VBA or an Add-in. In addition, a facility for attaching labels to points in a graph is useful. 

Most of the exercises in Chapter II can be done using a spreadsheet program, and you are encouraged to do so. It would also be worthwhile to duplicate the examples in Chapter II, and in Chapter XXI on least-squares procedures, using spreadsheet functions. 

In the integrated CDS example, data will only be manipulated using native spreadsheet functions, and the resulting record must be retained to comply with a GMP predicate rule. Thus Levels 2 and 3 requirements for spreadsheet apphcations must be met. 

Copy the value of a variable or a formula in one cell into other cells Execute an iterative calculation using the spreadsheet function... 

Because the spreadsheet functions in Visilog are basic, it is easier to export the data to another spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft EXCEL for calculation of the integrated fluorescence intensity for DNA and adduct fluorescence of each individual DNA object (GREY MEAN x SURFACE AREA). (Visilog software —> Analyze —> Individual —> analysis —> Display —> to EXCEL). 

These calculations can be completed using the spreadsheet functions. The iteration is controlled using a Visual Basic MACRO. The inverse matrix gives the errors and covariances. The errors in the parameters will be obtained from the inverse matrix. They are (sa)2 = daa S, where S is / o/ o /(u — 2) for the two parameters that are determined from the data. Likewise, (sb)2 = clhh S and sab, the covariance term, is dab S. 

Add some noise to the signal in B13 B524, and see how it tends to swamp the derivative. Figure 7.3-2 illustrates this. Of course you will see this only afteryou have again used the forward and inverse transforms, as in (9). The Fourier transform is performed by a macro. Macros do wotupdate automatically, as the standard spreadsheet functions do. 

In this chapter we have briefly introduced user-defined functions. These allow us to extend the range of available spreadsheet functions. They work very efficiently at the level of single-cell instructions. Macros operate in a similar way, but are more effective in dealing with entire blocks of data. The next chapter shows in fair detail how to write macros, and illustrates this with many worked-out examples. Once the material in chapter 10 has been digested, writing more complicated user-defined functions (such as for section 9.3e) should not present any problems. With the facility to make your own functions and macros, there is virtually no limit to what you can do on a spreadsheet. 

Instead of specifying the value of irwe have below used the spreadsheet function Pi( ). This can be done by placing that function inside straight brackets, as in TwoPi = 2 [Pi () ]. ... 

Finally we have lodged a number of Excel spreadsheet functions that are most useful to a chemist faced with data to subdue. The list has brought together those functions that are not obviously dealt with elsewhere, and does not claim to be complete. But have a look there if you cannot find a function elsewhere. 

This process is ideally suited to spreadsheet functions such as Excel s "goalseek" routine. An example calculation will be shown in the next section. 

Equivalence is equating monetary values occurring at different points in time. Comparisons of financial alternatives must be made among equivalent units. The Interest rate provides the mechanism for converting a cash flow at one specific time into an equivalent cash flow at another time. This conversion is fadlitated by using either the Excel spreadsheet functions in Table 1 or the interest tables at the end of the chapter. 

What does the latter statement mean for the analyst If he or she samples 10, analyzes them, and finds that all are positive, then there is only 1 chance in 10,000 that less than 101 kilos contain the controlled substance. The advantage of using the spreadsheet function is that it allows for a "wliat if " approach. Once the formulas are set up, the values for the initial random sample and other variables can be adjusted in accordance with different scenarios. 

In the example of 100 baggies, assume that 72 contain cocaine and 28 have no controlled substance. What is the probability that the first 5 selected at random will be cocaine Using the spreadsheet function produces a value of 0.19, so there is a 19% chance (approximately 1 in 5) of that occurring. If the seizure has 5 cocaine baggies and 95 samples that are not cocaine, the odds drop to about 1 in 300,000. Note that these are probabilities, not confidence levels. At ttiis point, the treatment becomes more specialized and the interested reader is directed to excellent recent articles for detailed derivations of extensions of die hypeigeo-metric distribution and probability theory to sample selection. ... 

For statistical tests or analyses that do eissume a normal distribution, there are tests that can be used to evaluate the distribution of the variables compaired with a normal distribution. Two such functions are the kurtosis and the skewness, both of which are easily implemented with spreadsheet functions. 

Build a feedforward controller for the heater-tank system, using the built-in spreadsheet function in HYSYS, to compensate for changes in the feed temperature before they become apparent in the warm-water temperature. This feedforward control will be combined with the feedback control to see whether process response can be improved. 

---