Static processing data from

The four variables in dynamic oscillatory tests are strain amplitude (or stress amplitude in the case of controlled stress dynamic rheometers), frequency, temperature and time (Gunasekaran and Ak, 2002). Dynamic oscillatory tests can thus take the form of a strain (or stress) amplitude sweep (frequency and temperature held constant), a frequency sweep (strain or stress amplitude and temperature held constant), a temperature sweep (strain or stress amplitude and frequency held constant), or a time sweep (strain or stress amplitude, temperature and frequency held constant). A strain or stress amplitude sweep is normally carried out first to determine the limit of linear viscoelastic behavior. In processing data from both static and dynamic tests it is always necessary to check that measurements were made in the linear region. This is done by calculating viscoelastic properties from the experimental data and determining whether or not they are independent of the magnitude of applied stresses and strains. 

The great potential of the X-ray data for obtaining motional information has recently led to a molecular dynamics test197 of the standard refinement techniques that assume isotropic and harmonic motion. Since simulations have shown that the atomic fluctuations are highly anisotropic and, in some cases, anharmonic (see Chapt. VI.A.1), it is important to determine the errors introduced in the refinement process by their neglect. A direct experimental estimate of the errors resulting from the assumption of isotropic, harmonic temperature factors is difficult because sufficient data are not yet available for protein crystals. Moreover, any data set includes other errors that would obscure the analysis, and the specific correlation of temperature factors and motion is complicated by the need to account for static disorder in the crystal. As an alternative to an experimental analysis of the errors in the refinement of proteins, a purely theoretical approach has been used.197 The basic idea is to generate X-ray data from a molecular dynamics simulation... 

Apart from the early measurements of Poisson s ratio of drawn filaments already mentioned, which were not used to throw any light on mechanical processes or structure, the only static test data on nylon 6-6 are those of Hadley et which suggest that the drawing process is essentially a simple phenomenon of orientating pre-existing structural elements (Fig. 14). 

There are numerous sources of frictional losses for the airflow through the hood and ductwork to be overcome by the exhaust fan. The air entering the hood must be accelerated from a minimal velocity in the room to the velocity within the duct. Due to physical factors, there is always some turbulence created during this process, so that the pressure difference created by the fan must be sufficient to provide the desired airspeed in the duct and overcome the losses due to turbulence. In the specifications for a hood, the hood static pressure data provided are a direct measure of the total of the energy needed for acceleration and to overcome turbulence losses. The static pressure will be proportional to the square of the velocity of the air entering the hood face. 

The surface tension of surfactant solutions is the easiest accessible experimental quantity and hence the most frequently used method to study the adsorption process at liquid interfaces. As earlier shown the rate of adsorption is a function of surface activity and bulk concentration. This explains why a broad time interval has to be experimentally covered to study the large variety of surfactants. A single method cannot provide a sufficiently broad interval so that different complementary methods are needed. Some methods are particularly developed for the short adsorption times, such as the bubble pressure method providing data from less than 1 ms up to some minutes. On the contrary, so-called static methods like the Wilhelmy plate or drop and bubble shape methods give access to very large times, starting from few seconds and reaching up to hours and even days. Both techniques complement each other perfectly. 

Kenneth S. Cole repeated the presentation from 1928, but now with a quasi-four-element equivalent circuit with two static resistors, his Z3 is a CPE. His model implies that the two resistors are not a part of the polarization process. This is exphcitly stated in Cole (1934). He did not discuss a microanatomical or relaxation-theory explanatory model. He pointed out that different equivalent circuits may equally well mimic measured data all are possible descriptive models. He did point out the similarity between data from tissue/cell suspensions and polarization on metal-electrolyte interphases. 

The traditional paper filing systems allow the preservation of knowledge in static form. If the data in paper form are archived, it is possible to directly reproduce the data in human-readable form, over a long period of time. The process of recovery of the data from the archive and the comparison with the current data, however, is complex and the electronic version inferior in several ways. 

Unlike the peak broadenings observed in the INS data from RBa2Cu307 (R=Tm, Ho), discussed in the previous section, the peak broadening observed for the Pr transitions is not temperature dependent. As a result, the interactions responsible are expected to be static, as opposed to the dynamic processes proposed for the Tm and Ho interactions. This interaction for Pr may involve a stronger hybridization of the 4f states with the Cu02 band states, which would be consistent with the known f-state bonding behavior established across the R series. 

There are two types of data (1) the open questions (listed in the questionnaire and case companies SC mapping in Chapter 4) contribute to the model processes mapping in Figure 5.1 (2) the archived data from the ERP system contribute to assessing the value of the related variables considered in Chapter 6, for example, static input variables, expected customer order and cost coefficient, and so on. In addition, the decision variables under the companies original strategy use the archived data. Moreover, the range and distribution of uncertainties (time and quantity uncertainties) are based on data from the interviews. 

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