Static column

SHARPLESMICROMEROGRAPH- A commercially available air sedimentation device introduced in 1953 (Ref 6) that provides rapid particle size distribution determinations for powdered materials by the application of Stokes law for particles falling thru a static column of gas... 

Trstenjak and Perdih (1999) reported that the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium removed the majority of PCB-1242 from a saturated water solution at room temperature up to a volumetric ratio of one to several thousand. In static column tests containing pelletized Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the percentage of PCB-1242 not removed ranged from 2.4 to 12% at pellets to contaminated water ratios of 1 5,000 and 1 500,000, respectively. 

A method for assessing foam stability in which one measures the rate of collapse of a (static) column of foam that has been generated by allowing a certain quantity of foaming solution to fall a specified distance into a separate volume of the same solution contained in a vessel. This technique is ASTM method D1173-53. See also Static Foam Test. 

Any of several methods for assessing foam stability in which one measures the rate of collapse of a (static) column of foam. See also Dynamic Foam Test, Foaminess. 

Experimental Assessment of Foam Stability. Usually foam stability has been tested by one of three methods (4, 6, 13) (1) the lifetime of single bubbles (2) the steady-state (dynamic) foam volume under given conditions of gas flow, shaking, or shearing or (3) the rate of collapse of a (static) column of foam generated as described. 

Sage, B. H. Lacey, W. N. 1938. Gravitational concentration gradients in static columns of hydrocarbon fluids. Transactions of the American Institute of Mechanical Engineers, 132, 120-131. 

Bikerman has reviewed various data involving static columns of foam. When gas was bubbled through a surfactant solution, toe height of the static column of foam generated was shown to be directly proportional to toe gas flow rate. This effect on static foam can be related to flowing foam since toe behavior of toe latter is affected by bubble texture and size. 

The selection criteria listed in Section 13.1 indicate that mixer-setders are a good choice if only a few equilibrium stages are needed however, if, as is often the case, a few more stages are required, then a nonagitated (static) column such as a spray, sieve tray, or packed column should be used. These columns are commonly used for relatively large-scale systems in the chemical and petrochemical industries. 

Design methods for static columns are discussed in detail in Perry s Chemical Engineering Handbook fFrank et al.. 2008T However if, as is often the case, more than five stages are required, then an agitated column system is often used. The design of one of the more popular types, the Karr column, is described in the next section. 

At Rum Jungle, the feed to this type of process is provided by passing the normal acid leach pulp through a cyclone classifier system. The sands are easily removed and washed at a fraction of the cost of a filtration or decantation system. The residual pulp contains about 20 per cent solids, of particle size mostly between 200 and 300 mesh, and these are difficult to remove before a normal static column ion-exchange process. 

One feature of resin-in-pulp processes which is unsatisfactory is the high rate of attrition of the resin beads compared with a static column process. Resin manufacturers are, however, now designing resins specifically for resin-in-pulp processes. The Permitit resin SKB has, for example, been recommended for this purpose. ... 

It is usual to operate either type of pulse column with the interface near the top, as with a static column, i.e. with the aqueous phase continuous. It is sometimes advantageous, however, to run with the solvent phase continuous, e.g. when it is particularly important to avoid the carry-over of solids from the interface into the solvent phase. The interface height is achieved in the normal manner, i.e. by balancing the column against a limb of aqueous phase which is leaving it and is vented to atmosphere. Adjustments to the height of the balancing limb would allow the interface to be in any desired position. 

With this geometry, the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the static column of foam was approximately 300 psi. However, under dynamic conditions, the observed bottom hole pressures were in the neighborhood of 2100 psi. This indicates that 1800 psi of friction pressure was created by the foam. 

Static column is almost the same as page mode except the CAS signal is not cycled when a new column address is given—thus the static column name. 

The approximation assumes that the average column operating values are a good approximation of the static column behaviour. Notice that if approaches 1 and the number of trays is large, then the time constant is approximately proportional to the square of the trays number times the tray residence time ... 

Table 3. Static electricity of capsules. Each value in static column means the average and S.D.

---