Balancing limb

It is usual to operate either type of pulse column with the interface near the top, as with a static column, i.e. with the aqueous phase continuous. It is sometimes advantageous, however, to run with the solvent phase continuous, e.g. when it is particularly important to avoid the carry-over of solids from the interface into the solvent phase. The interface height is achieved in the normal manner, i.e. by balancing the column against a limb of aqueous phase which is leaving it and is vented to atmosphere. Adjustments to the height of the balancing limb would allow the interface to be in any desired position. 

Fluid manometers are devices where the readout of the pressure differential is the length of a liquid column. The most fundamental implementation of this principle is the U-tube manometer. This is simply a tube of U shape filled with manometer fluid, as shown in Fig. 12.16. The pressure differential is applied at both ends of the tube, making the manometer fluid move downward in one limb and upward in the other, until the forces acting on the fluid are in balance. 

One of the metabolic reactions to majot ttauma, such as a burn, a broken limb, or surgery, is an increase in the net catabolism of tissue proteins. As much as 6-7% of the total body protein may be lost ovet 10 days. Prolonged bed rest results in considetable loss of protein because of atrophy of muscles. Protein is catabohzed as normal, but without the stimulus of exercise it is not completely replaced. Lost protein is replaced during convalescence, when there is positive nittogen balance. A normal diet is adequate to petmit this replacement. 

It is essential to appreciate that the pressure difference measured by. a manometer automatically eliminates the static head difference. This is shown in Figure 8.1(b). The static head pg(zi — z2) in the pipe is exactly balanced by the extra static head above the right hand limb of the manometer. Consequently, if Ah is calculated from Azm using equation 8.4, no further correction for the static head should be made. 

Dizziness, tingling or numbness of the fingers and limbs, tremors or spasms of the limbs, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of balance in standing or walking in a severe case, loss of consciousness, hemiplegia, deviation of the eyes and mouth. 

Limb weakness Epileptic seizures Fluid balance Electrolytes and urea Blood glucose Hematocrit... 

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