Starks, Michael

Chiral PTC has been used effectively for making intermediates for drugs. Dolling and coworkers have used 8-R, 9-5, N-(p-trifluoromethylbenzyl) cinchonium bromide to carry out an important asymmetric alkylation, giving 95% ee (Starks, 1987). Nucleophilic epoxidations of enones, Darzens reaction, Michael additions, etc. are some examples of reactions rendered asymmetric through chiral PTCs (Nelson, 1999). 

An examination of the seeds also enables one to determine something of the maturity of the plant when it was harvested. If they are round and dark, then they were probably harvested when resin and THC were roughly at their peak. If there are a lot of seeds that are smaller and yellower, then it was probably cut down early. Seeds from different locales can vary in size by a factor of two, with C. sativa varieties generally larger. C. tndica seeds are distinguished from those of C. sativa by Michael Starks like this ... 

The Fabulous Illustrated History of Psychoactive Plants, or Great Grandma s Pleasures, Michael Starks (Lompanics Unltd., 1981) Changing My Mind, Among Others,... 

Peter McCausland, CEO Michael L. Molinini, COO/Exec. VP Robert M. McLaughlin, CFO/Sr. VP Ronald J. Stark, Sr. VP-Mktg. Sales Dwight T. Wilson, Sr. VP-Human Resources Robert A. Dougherty, ClO/Sr. VP Robert H. Young, Jr., General Counsel/Sr. VP Leslie J. Graff, Sr. VP-Corp. Dev. 

Bei der Katalyse der Umsetzung durch starke Basen wird dagegen angenommen, daB die Reaktion trotz des extrem schwachen Saure-charakters des Phosphins formal dem Michael-Mechanismus folgt, d.h. in der Reihenfolge der Gl. (50), (51) und (52) ablauft 202>... 

Relativ stark CH-acide 2,4-Dioxo-l,3-thiazolidin-Abk6mmlinge sind in der Lage, im Sinne einer Michael-Addition mit Arylmethylen-malonsaure-dinitrilen zu reagieren, wobei es zur Al-kylierung in 5-Position des 1,3-Thiazol-Ringes kommt1298 1341. 

Michael Starks other works include Psychedelic Chemistry, )iistory of Psychoactive Plants, and History of Drugs in the Movies. 

Die Additionsrichtung bei a,/ -ungesattigten Carbonyl-Verbindungen ist stark von der Reaktionstemp. ab-hangig. 1,2-Addition tritt bevorzugt bei tiefen Temp. (—78°) ein, wahrend hohere Temp. (25°) die 1,4-(Michael) Addition begiinstigen707. Weiterc Beispiele s. Lit.699. 

Michael Starks, Marijuana Chemistry, Geneties, Proeessing, and Potency. New York Ronin, 1990. This book presents the heavy science of marijuana. 

A mixture of 2-methyl-l,3-cyclohexanedione, methyl vinyl ketone, a few KOH-pellets, and abs. methanol refluxed 3 hrs., methanol and excess methyl vinyl ketone removed by distillation, the residual 2-niethyl-2-(3 -oxobutyl)-1,3-cyclo-hexanedione (Y 85% when isolated) dissolved in benzene, a Dean-Stark phase-separating head attached, traces of water and methanol removed by azeotropic distillation, cooled well below the boiling point, pyrrolidine added, refluxed until separation of water ceases after ca. 30 min., and refluxing continued for 15 min. l,6-dioxo-8a-methyl-l,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene. Y 63-65% based on dione. S. Ramachandran and M. S. Newman, Org. Synth. 4 1, 38 (1961) ring closure with an increased amount of pyrrolidine s. W. L. Meyer and A. S. Levinson, J. Org. Ghem. 28, 2184 (1963) Michael addition with NaOH instead of KOH s. T. A. Spences, K. K. Schmiegel, and K. L. Williamson, Am. Soc. 85, 3785 (1963). 

Brimacombe, Dube, Erdemir, Mueller, Orlova, Schatz, Stark, van Heel, Zemlin, Ribosome] Brimacombe Richard/Prakash Dube/Tarik Erdemir/Florian Mueller/ Elena V. Orlova/Michael Schatz/Holger Stark/Marin van Heel/Friedrich Zemlin ... 

Michael W. Alabran, Joey L. Mead, and Carol M. F. Barry University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854 David J. Carter, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139 Ahmed A. Busnaina, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115... 

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