Starch sulfates applications

Other applications of fluidization have been made to such materials as sodium chloride liable salt), soda ash. sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate, starch, talc, magnesium oxide, dry clay, bone acid, hydrated lime, and various high polymers in powdered or head" form. Fluidization is especially effective in loading and unloading materials from railroad cars and trucks, as well as in moving them aboul within the plant. 

Starches often contain a substantial amount of salt (sodium chloride or sodium sulfate) as a residue from the modification process. Small quantities of salt in a hot starch dispersion will attack low-grade stainless steel and can cause severe corrosion of tanks, pipelines and coating application equipment. The salt content should not exceed 0.2% or 2000 ppm chloride. 

Esterification of starch dialdehyde with chlorosulfonic acid in formamide gave a sulfate ester that could be transformed into an amide and methyl ester.532-536 The classical method of sulfonation, namely, by the action of sulfur trioxide in pyridine, is also applicable.537,538 Hemiacetals of starch dialdehyde result upon treatment with suitable alcohols in the presence of an acidic catalyst. In acetic media amides condensed with the carbonyl groups. Acetylation of starch dialdehyde with acetic anhydride is an obvious reaction. Esters with hexanedioic (adipic) acid were also prepared.537 Starch dialdehyde undergoes etherification with monochloroacetic acid in an alkaline medium.538... 

In drilling fluid applications, several types of viscosity modifiers can be used to enhance foam stablity. These include partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) clays, such as bentonite xanthan gum guar gums starches cellulosic polymers, such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEG) and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC). In Table 8, base fluid viscosities and drainage times for one-half and four-fifths of the base fluids are recorded in a foam system consisting of an anionic foamer, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and a nonionic foamer, TXlOO - ethoxylated octyl phenol. It can be seen that in these systems base fluid viscosity alone... 

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