Stainless steel, SIMS

Static SIMS would be particularly appropriate to study films formed by silane coupling agents by virtue of its high surface sensitivity, its capability to detect all elements and isotopes, and because it provides molecular structural information on organic materials [9-12], So far, SIMS has rarely been used to study silane films. It was used, however, to detect covalent bonds between iron or chromium and silane films deposited on stainless steel [13, 14], Such bonds were indeed reported this claim was based on the presence of ions in the spectrum which were assumed to be FeOSi+ and CrOSi. However, these SIMS analyses were not done under static conditions, which had not yet been established at the time of these studies. 

Similar to Organic SIMS, inorganic surfaces are analyzable. The target surface can be the sample as in the tests described previously to determine the sensitive position and orientation of the target by observing the SIMS spectra of the stainless steel target. Other materials in the form of foils, powders or fabrics can be cemented to the target and bombarded by the beam from the FABMS gun. Several metals and ceramics were analyzed by this method. 

Figure 6. ISS/SIMS Data From Smutted Stainless Steel...

The elements which are observed are silicon and oxygen with some carbon present on the surface and only a slight amount of the matrix stainless steel. The SIMS spectra were taken simultaneously with the ISS data and show primarily silicon and cluster peaks of silicon and oxygen together with a small amount of the matrix material. Even when the surface of the 304 stainless steel was wiped after rinsing the appeared visably clean some smut remained behind as detected by both positive SIMS and ISS. The smut was completely removed by dipping the work in hot caustic soda solution or in chromic acid solution conventionally used in the industry. The analysis of the smutted surface and the desmutted surface by a variety of techniques is shown in Table V. Each of the techniques has its strong points. In AES, for instance, both sulfur and chlorine are readily detected in... 

Figure 5. ISS/SIMS data for smut on 304-stainless steel.

Figure 28 Example of positive and negative secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) mass spectra. An 160" primary beam of 1 nA at 15 keV was used for these spectra of 347 and 304 stainless steels, (a) Positive ion spectrum 347 stainless steel and (b) negative ion spectrum 304 stainless steel. (From Ref. 84.)... 

Figure 9 Examples of novel materials with potential catalytic applications. From left to right and top to bottom, these pictures represent (a) Ag nanowires. (Reprinted with permission from Ref 63. 2002 American Chemical Society) (h)Ag nanoparticles. (Reprinted with permission from Y. Sim and Y. Xia, Science, 2002, 298, 2176. 2002 AAAS (www.sciencemag.org)) (c) zeolite monolith. (Ref. 67. Reproduced hy permission of Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) (d) zeolite coatings on stainless steel grids. (Ref 68. Reproducedby permission of Wiley-VCH) (e) arrays of Pt nano lithography-made particles on Si02. (Ref. 70. Reproduced by permission of Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) and (f) Ag nanoparticles vapor deposited on an AI2O3 thin film ...

Organophosphorous pesticides Hi-vol surface sampler HVS3 with a Teflon catch bottle, sieving through a 150-pm stainless steel mesh Sonication with 50 mL acetone, 1 min Concentration, solvent exchange into cyclohexane, filtration through PTFE membrane Alters, GPC, and elution with cyclohexane. Final concentration to 2 mL GC/MS (SIM) 0.18-0.56 ng g- Lu et al. (2004)... 

Figure 10 (a) Intensity of various ions emitted from stainless steel versus oxygen exposure (Langmuirs) in the static SIMS mode. (b) Intensity ratios determined from (a) (from Ref. 6). 

Figure 5 Part of positive, high mass-resolution Time-of-Flight SIMS spectrum of a polished 304L stainless steel surface primary ions Ga of 25 kV. 

Rossi, A., et al. 2000. XPS, AES and ToF-SIMS investigation of surface films and the role of inclusions on pitting corrosion in austenitic stainless steels. Surf Interface Anal 29 (7) 460. 

Poleunis, C., Rubio, C, Compare, C., Bertrand, P. (2002) Role of salts on the BSA adsorption on stainless steel in aqueous solutions. II. ToF-SIMS spectral and chemical mapping study. Surf. Interface Anal, 34,55-58. 

P. Marriott, S.B. Couling, and P.R. Chatker, High spatial resolution SIMS investigation of oxides formed on stainless steel under PWR conditions. Applied Surface Science 37 217-232,1989. 

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