Stagnation chamber

In addition to the irreversibilities associated with these components, pressure losses (Ap) may occur in various parts of the plant (e.g. in the entry and exit ducting, the combustion chamber, and the heat exchanger). These are usually expressed in terms of non-dimensional pressure loss coefficients, Ap/(p) N, where (/ )in is the pressure at entry to the duct. (Mach numbers are assumed to be low, with static and stagnation pressures and their loss coefficients approximately the same.)... 

Two-dimensional compressible momentum and energy equations were solved by Asako and Toriyama (2005) to obtain the heat transfer characteristics of gaseous flows in parallel-plate micro-channels. The problem is modeled as a parallel-plate channel, as shown in Fig. 4.19, with a chamber at the stagnation temperature Tstg and the stagnation pressure T stg attached to its upstream section. The flow is assumed to be steady, two-dimensional, and laminar. The fluid is assumed to be an ideal gas. The computations were performed to obtain the adiabatic wall temperature and also to obtain the total temperature of channels with the isothermal walls. The governing equations can be expressed as... 

The above-mentioned technology and structure provide advantages for the Improved B-l electrolyser in performance and reliability even under high current density. Good electrolyte distribution and no gas stagnation in each chamber, smooth discharge of gas and liquid, and low ohmic drop are necessary to overcome the difficulties of high current density operation. 

Gas and liquid flow up along the membrane, then turn to the inlet of a narrow channel at the top of the chamber. This flow pattern enhances continuous replacement of electrolyte over the whole membrane surface. It is especially effective in eliminating gas stagnation at the top zone of the electrolysis area. The DAM-type system ensures that the fine-bubble flow is constant through its narrow channel and that smooth gas separation occurs at the outlet of the channel. Gas and liquid flow separately through an upper duct, an outlet nozzle and an outlet hose, then to a... 

This maximum velocity depends on the molecular mass Mg, the specific heat y, and the stagnation temperature Tg. The velocity increases as y and Mg decrease, and as To increases. Based on Eq. (1.52), a simplified expression for mass flow rate in terms of the nozzle throat area Aj (= A ) and the chamber pressure (= pg) is given by... 

The femtosecond laser pulses shaped by the AOPDF are amplified by the CPA up to 0.5mJ/pulse. Ethanol vapor is continuously flow into the vacuum chamber through a micro-syringe (70 pm) with stagnation pressure of 7 Torr at room temperature. The laser pulses are focused on a skimmed molecular beam of the ethanol vapor with an achromatic lens (/ = 145 mm). The focal spot size of the laser beam is 20 pm(j>. The peak intensity of the transform-limited laser pulse is calculated to 4 x 1015 W/cm2. The fragment ions are mass-separated with Wiley-McLaren type time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, and are detected with a microchannel plate (MCP) detector. 

In his paper Reaction tests of turbine nozzles for supersonic velocities , Keenan (1949) presented the results of experimental tests on five turbine nozzles one is convergent-only and four are convergent-divergent. He measured the outlet velocity using a force balance and then calculated the velocity coefficient as the ratio of measured velocity downstream of the nozzle, c, to the velocity, cu that would occur following an isentropic expansion from the stagnation state at nozzle inlet to the exhaust chamber pressure, pi ... 

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