Staggered junctions

In tissues, microfibrils form loosely packed parallel bundles. X-ray fiber diffraction of hydrated zonular microfibril bundles identified one-third-staggered junctions that may modulate force transmission (Wess et al., 1998a), and quick-freeze deep-etch analysis of zonules has identified molecular links between microfibrils (Davis et al., 2002). 

Junctions are associated with high accident numbers, in particular T or staggered junctions, private drives and slip roads. 

Report 185, Accidents at Urban Priority Crossroads and Staggered Junctions TRL, 1996. 

The half-staggered interactions present in fibrin also create a D-D contact at the end-to-end junction of two fibrin molecules (Fig. 6). This D-D interface is an important feature in most of the crystal forms of... 

A 6/6 fused system will prefer a trans ring junction as /rans-decalins (Chapter 18) have a 11-chair structures with every bond staggered from every other bond, as yon can see from the diagram alongside. We can show... 

Epithelial cells contain keratins cytosolic, intermediate-sized filaments. Each acidic keratin (type I) is partnered with a basic keratin (type II) to form extended, intertwined alpha helices. These heterodimers extend longitudinally and laterally in staggered and/ or end-to-end arrays to form cytosolic intermediate filaments. Different keratin types account for the properties of different types of epithelia. A stratified epithelium provides a barrier consisting of multiple layers of cells in which the basal layer expresses K5-K14 but the supra-basal layers express K1-K10. Junctional epithelium has inner and outer basal layers that contain K5-K14. Its supra-basal layers possess K4 and K13, not K1 and K10 and it therefore has no granular layer. Desmosomes permit water and metabolite exchange beneath the granular layer, but they are mostly absent from junctional epithelium which is fluid-permeable like a simple epithelium. The cells of both basal layers of junctional epithelium proliferate and shed their progeny into the base of the sulcus. Junctional epithelium also secretes and activates TGF-pi, which prevents an inflammatory response to masticatory trauma. 

Fig. 13 Micromixer combining SAR and chaotic advection approaches (a) Serpentine laminating micromixer (SLM) and (b) concentration contours along the mixers channels, (Reproduced from [131] by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry), (c) Staggered overlapping crisscross micromixer (SOC p-mixer) and (d) corresponding cross-section view showing concentration profiles after flowing through two junctions (Adapted from [132] with permission. Copyright lOP Publishing)...

The traws-fused 6,6 systems—fraws-decalins—have been very widely studied because they form an important part of the structure of steroids. Their conformation was discussed in Chapter 16 they prefer a trans ring junction as frans-decalins have all-chair structures with every bond staggered from every other bond. We can show this by giving a 6,6 system the choice reducing this enone with lithium metal gives a lithium enolate (Chapter 25). Protonation of this anion with the solvent (liquid ammonia) gives a trans ring junction. 

Ordinary Road defect - fixing would require better visibility, staggering of junctions, better radius or superelevation in curves. 

The major focus of the scheme was to remove traffic signals at the junction of London Road/Park Lane/Chester Road, which was primarily designed to cater for motorised vehicles. There was a staggered controlled pedestrian crossing on the northern arm of the junction, but other pedestrian crossing points were uncontrolled. There were no dedicated facilities for cyclists at the junction. 

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