Stage 4 Wider Applications Era

In recent years, a great deal of success has been achieved and CVD techniques have been widely applied and further developed because of the following enablers and reasons [18], 

The market needs for more advanced materials provide the driving force of the CVD processes. For example, the development of high performance aero-engines requires the strong and tough fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites with low density which can potentially be used in ultra-high temperatures. 

With more advanced instruments available, it is possible to identity the reactant gaseous species of the chemical reactions. This in turn helps to improve the understanding of the underlying chemical reactions and the processes  

The sophisticated and more efficient CVD systems can be designed and constructed with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and high performance computers. At the same time, control technology has advanced such that it becomes much easy to accurately control the CVD processing parameters, such as temperature, pressures and flow rate, etc  

Tremendous fundamental research especially in the CVD technologies and precursor synthesis extends the applicability to some new area. These technologies include metal-organic CVD (MOCVD), plasma-enhanced CVD, photo CVD and laser induced CVD etc. The advancement of the synthesis technology provides new precursors to deposit a variety of materials with high purity. 

---