Stable operating conditions

Either of the two stable operating conditions can be selected by adjusting the positions of the curves so that only one intersection is obtained. In a plant, long-time unstable operation is unlikely because of imprecise temperature control. 

A stable operating condition beyond flooding (region CD or C D ) for nonextended surface packing with the liquid as the continuous phase and the gas as the dispersed phase has been reported by Lerner and Grove [Ind. Eng. Chem., 43, 216 (1951)] and Teller [Chem. Eng., 61(9), 168 (1954)]. 

By modifying the initial concentration and/or temperature profile along the cascade show that other stable operating conditions are realisable. 

Flow undergoes a sudden, large-amplitude excursion, to a new, stable operating condition... 

STABLE OPERATING CONDITIONS IN STIRRED TANK REACTORS... 

Stable Operating Conditions in Stirred Tank Reactors... 

Once the operating line is set, the equations that govern the thickener operation are determined from a solids mass balance as follows. At steady state (stable) operating conditions, the net solids flux is... 

By modifying the initial concentration and/or temperature profile along the cascade show that other stable operating conditions are realisable. This can be done by making a parametric mns to see how changes in any one parameter influence the steady state. 

Prepare the NMR instrument for measurements by equilibrating to stable operating conditions and tuning to correct 90° and 180° pulse lengths and resonance condition using the sample and procedure recommended by the manufacturer. 

One of the advantages of the continuous stirred-tank reactor is the fact that it is ideally suited to autothermal operation. Feed-back of the reaction heat from products to reactants is indeed a feature inherent in the operation of a continuous stirred-tank reactor consisting of a single tank only, because fresh reactants are mixed directly into the products. An important, but less obvious, point about autothermal operation is the existence of two possible stable operating conditions. 

The solutions sought in the discharge simulation are time periodic and match the normal stable operating conditions in the discharge. Time periodicity in die solutions is driven by the time-varying voltage at die powered electrode. The time periodicity condition is expressed as... 

In Section 2.5.2, the Semenov diagram was used to show the critical cooling medium temperature. In the same way it allows discrimination of a stable operation conditions from a runaway situation. A stable operation is achieved for a limit value of the Semenov criterion / (also called Semenov number) ... 

M. Olazar, M.J. San Jose, A.T. Aguayo, J.M. Arandes, J. Bilbao, Stable operation conditions for gas-solid contact regimes in conical spouted beds, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 31 (1992) 1784—1792. 

Because electric utilities use so much primary fuel, they obtain the best prices for the fuel and transportation. As a result, the differential savings, per million Btu s, are less than other industries. On the other hand, the benefits of using tires or TDF on creating stable operating conditions in the boiler may be more important than the differential cost savings for the overall profitability. 

Kolios et al. [106] performed an extensive study revealing that coupling of exothermic and endothermic reactions is possible under safe and stable operation conditions only in catalytic wall reactors and not in coupled packed beds. In the latter case instability and thermal runaway of the reactor may occur. Additionally, the two... 

Most processes are open loop stable, also called self-regulating, i.e. stable without any controllers on the system. This means that after a change in the system caused by either a disturbance or by a deliberate change in a manipulated variable, the process will come to a new stable operating condition, i.e. a new steady state. This is not necessarily the... 

To find a compromise for a mobile phase with neither too large a chain length (because of slow equilibration) nor too high a modifier content (because of the suppression of ionization), but yet optimum capacity factors and stable operating conditions is an optimization problem on its own. 

The main drawback of the alkali electrolysers is that they require rather stable operation conditions, i.e. stationary operation mode, being loaded by 20-100% of their nominal productivity. Otherwise, the service life of the electrolyser is significantly reduced. The PEM electrolysers are less sensitive to the variations in their load, but they are 5-7 times more expensive and require high purity of the supplied water for normal operation. 

The effects of bubble size and excess air rate on the transient average bed temperature are illustrated in Figure 5. The effect of bubble size is almost negligible under stable operating conditions, while the effect of excess air has a strong influence on the temperature change. It can be seen in both Figures 4 and 5 that the bed reaches a steady state at about 2000 s after initiation of the operation. This value is very different from the value, 200 s, obtained based on an isothermal dynamic model (10). 

The gasification tests have shown that stable operational condition were achieved above 850 C at a pressure of 0.5 MPa. It was observed that gasification tenperature had an important influence on the tar yield of the syngas. 

Long duration and more stable operation conditions experiments were selected to establish in this work... 

Two of these tests have been considered for the comparative study to analyze the PAH size distribution Test 2 that was ran under more stable operation conditions and Test 4 that showed increases in CO, PAH and particulate emission levels. 

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