Square bars

Figure 9.13. Cooling curve for bodies of various shapes 1, slab (2L = thickness) 2, square bar (2t — side) 3. long cylinder (L = radius) 4. cube (2L = length of side) 5, cylinder (L = radius, length — 2L) ...

Singh and Chowdhury (S4) proposed alternative correlations in terms of i// and % for cylinders and square bars. Their equations are simpler in form than Eqs. (4-26) and (4-27). However, the fit to available data is no better for 0.5 < E < 5.0, and the trend is wrong outside this range. 

The only orthotropic particles for which comprehensive experimental results are available are square bars, rectangular parallelepipeds with one pair of square faces. Symmetry then shows that the two principal resistances corresponding to translation with square faces parallel to the direction of motion are equal. These resistances will be denoted by c 2, while the resistance for translation normal to the square faces will be called cy. Consider such a particle in arbitrary translation at velocity U. Figure 4.11 shows a section of the particle parallel to the square faces (72 is the component of U in this plane, and the angle between U2 and principal axis 2 is 0. From Eq. (4-5), the drag components are as shown in Fig. 4.11. Hence the drag component parallel to U2 is... 

Steel fiber has been used to reinforce concrete. When 10-mil square bar 2 inches long is incorporated into concrete to the extent of 2% by volume, the modulus of rupture (flexural strength) increases by a factor of 2. When impregnated with polymer the fiber reinforced concrete-polymer increases the modulus of rupture by another factor of 2.5. Thus, an over-all increase by a factor of 5 in the flexural strength is achieved... 

The round ingot was subjected to preliminary forging into a rod 120 mm in diameter. This rod with a diameter of 120 mm was again forged into a square bar with a side of 50 mm and then subjected to heat treatment. Deformation into the intermediate (next to last) and final sizes was performed at a temperature lower than that of the 3 —> (a + P) transition by not less than 50°C. 

Use V -inch deformed square bars, at 10-inch centers. 

Typical PlacemeTd Specifucaiions for Reinforcement. The minimum clear distance between parallel bars should be 2 times the side dimensions for square bars and 1 4 times the diameter for round bars. Reinforcement of footings and columns should be sealed with at least 3 in. of plain concrete on the ground cont"ct surface. Surfaces exposed to weathering should have at least a 2-in. protective layer of plain concrete. Structures subject to fire hazards should have a fire-resistant coating of concrete 1 in. thick for slabs and 2 to 4 in. thick for structural members. 

Quartz-free clayey shale was taken from the surrounding strata of Erda seam, Fiirst Leopold-Baldur mine at Harvest-Dorsten. The fraction <5 un according to Robock and KlosterkOtter mainly contains crystalline kaolinite. It was pressed to square bars and re-dispersed in Polley s (1963, 1965) dust channel 4 h per day, 5 days per week. 

The load is apphed as a rising step load or step-modified slow strain rate testing protocol under displacement control that measures the threshold load for the onset of hydrogen assisted stress cracking by a drop in load that can be used as a quantitative, accelerated (S24 h) test method. Equivalence between the displacement control test method is assumed to occur when the threshold load in the accelerated test is >75 % of the notched ftBcture strength of the square bar in bending. 

FIG. 11— Dimensional requirements of Type 1e Notched Square Bar Bend specimens (reprinted from ASTM F 519, Type 1e). 

Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form NE A 50-703 ANSI H35.2... 

Brucker, M., Keller, D., Reissner,J., Computer-aided drawing of profiles from round and square bar . Annals of the CIRP, Vol.37,1 (1988). 

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