Spray structures

Stanners, J. F. and Watkins, K. O., Painting of Metal Sprayed Structural Steelwork , British Corrosion Journal, 4 No. 1, 7-14, Jan (1969)... 

Painting of Metal Sprayed Structural Steel, BISRA Corrosion Advice Bureau (1966) Proceedings of the Second International Metal Sprayers Conference, Birmingham, Association of Metal Sprayers (1958). (Specific references to aluminium notes in TM 420, Aluminium Federation, London)... 

Can be produced either by grii-blasiing before galvanising or by zinc spraying. Typical thickness of coaling on galvanised or zinc-sprayed structural steel. 

The validation of the CAB model has been performed by means of experimental data for non-evaporating, evaporating and reacting sprays under cmitroUed conditions in either a constant-volume or a constant-pressure combustion vessel. Particular attention has been given to the spray structure in the near-nozzle region by comparing the mass distribution with data from X-ray measurements reported in Ref. [19]. 

Spray Structure of Pintle-Type Port Fuel Injectors... 

Fig. 34.2 Typical spray structure of pintle-type injector at sevoal instances ASI. (a) Leading edge, (b) Steady state, (c) Trailing edge (Reprinted from [8]. With permission. Copyright 2007 of the Institute of Physics)...

Fig. 34.3 Enlarged spray structure of two-hole-type injector (a) Point 1, (b) Point 2, (c) Point 3...

Fig. 34.6 Air-assisted injector and the associated spray structure with two difftaent nozzle-tip...

Much research has, in fact, been carried out to achieve this imderstandmg [37-39]. The spray structure has been investigated using visualization techniques such as laser sheet photography [40] and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) [36], but detailed information of droplet characteristics cannot be obtained by planar measurements. Point measurements such as phase Doppler anemometer (PDA) can provide very high temporal resolution of droplet diameter and velocity, but lacks the ability to provide information about the spatial structure of the spray. Due to incomplete information about the spray, it is still difficult to optimize the pressure swirl injector. Computational studies of spray structure have revealed details of the... 

These parameters may be easily measured with high temporal and spatial resolution by high-speed laser diagnostics (e.g., planar LIF of fuel and vapor) and diffraction-extinction techniques. These diagnostic tools have been used to study spray structures of automotive injectors and to investigate spray behavior by analyzing these structures [55, 59, 60]. 

Anders, J.W., Magi, V., and Abraham, J. (2008) A computational investigatitni of the interaction of pulses in two-pulse jets. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, 54 999-1021. Renner, G. and Maly, R.R. (1994) Spray structures of automotive injectOTS. Paper Presented at the International Symposium on Advanced Spray Combustion, Hiroshima. 

The atomization and drying of K30 30 m% yields a considerably high fiber fraction in the final product (Fig. 19.13). The size of the particles and the diameter of the fibers correspond to the spray structures close to the nozzle (30 mm < z < 100 mm). The morphology of the droplets is independent of the two temperatures. Qualitatively, the amount of fibers between the droplets is not changed. Also, the particle size distribution of the fine fraction is identical for the two atomizer gas temperatures. 

Lampa, A., Fritsching, U. (2011). Spray structure analysis in atomization processes in enclosures for powder production. Atomization and Sprays, 21(f)), 737-752. 

The spray structure changes due to the thickness of the liquid film inside the nozzle orifice. For water, the bubbly flow inside the mixing chamber changes into an annular flow inside the orifice. The resulting film thickness within the orifice is comparatively low, thus the spray is mostly disintegrated by the end of the shadowgraph. At an elevated viscosity of 0.014 Pa s, the liquid film inside the orifice is thicker, which makes it less favorable to breakup the liquid shield emerging from... 

For the highest ALR, an annular flow inside the mixing chamber is predicted, irrespectively of the viscosity. Indeed, it may be seen that the observed spray structure is similar for all viscosities. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the spray drop breakup is inhibited at the highest viscosity. With increased viscosity, the location of spray drop breakup moves further downstream of the nozzle. For water, as well as for 30 wt% maltodextrin solution, the spray drops are formed directly at the exit of the orifice plane. The spray structure at 25 cm downstream to the nozzle shows fine spray drops for all viscosities. 

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