Spouted beds dynamics

Kishan B. Mathur and Norman Epstein, Dynamics of Spouted Beds W. C. Reynolds, Recent Advances in the Computation of Turbulent Flows R. E. Peck and D. T. Wasan, Drying of Solid Particles and Sheets... 

Hydrometallurgy Renato G. Bautista Dynamics of Spouted Beds... 

Silva, E. M. V., Ferreira, M. C., and Freire, J. T., Mean Voidage Measurements and Fluid Dynamics Analysis in a Circulating Fluidized Bed with a Spouted Bed Type Solids F eeding System, Proc. of2nd European Thermal-Sciences and 14th UIT National Heat Transfer Conference, Rome (1996)... 

The liquid holdup characteristics of a countercurrent, three-phase spouted-bed column are studied by Vukovic et al.141 They found that the total liquid holdup increased with the gas flow rate. Both the total and dynamic liquid holdups were comparable to those obtained in cocurrent-upflow three-phase fluidized-bed columns operating with similar gas and liquid flow conditions. 

The growing acceptance of spouted beds lies primarily in the specific fluid and particle dynamics associated with them. This is the aspect with which the present review is concerned. Some of the more important features of spouted beds, which distinguish it from other similar phenomena, are the following ... 

The fact that in a steadily spouting bed the spout assumes a stable shape implies the existence of a state of dynamic equilibrium among the various forces acting on the spout-annulus interface. Since these forces arise from the movement of both solids and gas, the shape of the spout provides a valuable clue to an understanding of the entire dynamics of spouted beds. The spout shape has, therefore, received considerable attention. 

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