Sponge systematics

In addition to genetic factors evidenced by sponge systematics, environmental parameters, such as time and site of collection, appear to play a part in the isonitrile inventory of a given taxon. Examples from the genera Ciocalypta and Acanthella will be discussed in the following sections. 

CAR 12] Cardenas P., Perez T., Boury-Esnault N., Sponge systematics facing new challenges , Advances in Marine Biology, vol. 209, pp. 61-79,2012. 

Boury-Esnault, N. and Sole-Cava, A.M. (2004) Recent contribution of genetics to the study of sponge systematics and biology. Boll. Mus. 1st. Biol. Univ. Genova, 68, 3-18. 

Pollution of the atmosphere is a frequent cause of trouble thus in 1929 the cattle dipping truck yards at Julia Creek, Queensland, were removed owing to contamination of the town atmosphere, dust samples from which disclosed 10 to 12 parts of arsenic per million.3 Chronic poisoning has also resulted from the inhalation of the fumes liberated on burning mosquito incense made from orpiment and sawdust.4 A systematic clinical and X-ray examination of furnace workers at the arsenic works at Freiberg, Saxony, revealed that the majority suffered from pustular and eczematous conditions of the skin and 80 per cent, showed ulceration and perforation of the septum of the nose, in spite of the provision of sponge respirators and protective clothing 5 arsenic was present in the hair and nails. 

On the other hand, if one were interested in the medicinal uses of iodine and its compounds, it would be necessary to carry out quite a different kind of search, for the use of such iodine compounds undoubtedly carries back to a time long preceding the discovery of the element itself indeed, it appears that the ancient Assyrians used crude iodide preparations for medicinal purposes, and since these early days the ashes of sponges and kelps have been systematically so used. 

The term pore morphology is used for such properties as shape (smooth, branched, faceted, etc.), orientation, interconnection of pores, etc. The morphology is the least quantifiable aspect of porous silicon. We understand that it is difficult to characterize systematically the morphology of porous silicon, which has extremely rich details with respect to variations in pore size, shape, and spatial distribution. For example, microporous andmesoporous sihcon typically exhibit a sponge-like structure with densely and randomly branched pores. The tendency to branching increases with decrease of pore diameter. 

Barucca, M., Azzini, F., Bavestrello, G., Biscotti, M., Caldnai, B., Canapa, A., Cerrano, C., and Olmo, E. (2007) The systematic position of some boring sponges (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) studied by molecular analysis. Mar. Bid., 151, 529-535. 

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