Spirastrella

The highly complex chlorinated pyrrole-containing macrolide colubricidin A (1626) is produced in cultures of an unidentified Streptomyces species (1595). This metabolite displays excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Dominican sponge Spirastrella coccinea produces spirastrellolide A (1627), which is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (1596) (revised later (1597)). 

Martin MJ, Berrue F, Amade P, Fernandez R, Francesch A, Reyes F, Cuevas C (2005) Halogenated Helianane Derivatives from the Sponge Spirastrella hartmani. J Nat Prod 68 1554... 

Williams DE, Roberge M, Van Soest R, Andersen RJ (2003) Spirastrellolide A, an Antimitotic Macrolide Isolated from the Caribbean Marine Sponge Spirastrella coccinea. J Am Chem Soc 125 5296... 

Pettit, G. R., Herald, C. L., Cichacz, Z. A., Gao, F., Schmidt, J. M., Boyd, M. R., Christie, N. D., and Boettner, F. E., Isolation and structure of the powerful human cancer cell growth inhibitors spongist-atins 4 and 5 from an African Spirastrella spinispirulifera (Porifera), J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1805, 1993. 

Menispermaceae Menispermum cocculus (=A. cocculus), India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia Spirastrella inconstans, marine sponge... 

Sarma NS, Rambabu M, Anjaneyulu ASR, Rao CBS (1987) Occurrence of Picrotoxins in Marine Sponge Spirastrella inconstans. Indian J Chem 26B 189... 

Spirastrella spinispirulifera (53), Hyrtios altrum (54), and Cinachyra sp. (55). These compounds are present as very trace metabolites. The first compound in the series, spongistatin 1 (Scheme 30), was reported from a Spongia sp. collected from the Republic of the Maldives (52). The isolation was bioassay-... 

In the isolation of spongistatin 4 (Scheme 31), the CH2CI2 fraction from 2409 kg of Spirastrella spinispirulifera was initially separated by HPLC employing a pilot scale HPLC system on a silica-gel column, 3 x 0.15 m, operated at 150 psi. This was followed by a series of Sephadex LH-20 separations and multiple HPLC steps using the following columns Merck RP-2, Prepex- RP-8, and LiChrospher 100 RP-18 to yield 10.7 mg of spongistatin 4 (53). 

A new polyketide, 14,15-secocurvularine (48), was isolated from the salt culture of an unidentified fungus obtained from an Indo-Pacific sponge, Spirastrella vagabunda, and identified by the usual spectroscopic methods. This substance is related to curvularine, which has been reported from different fungi such as Curvularia, Cochliobolus, Penicillium or Altenaria. In biosynthetic terms, secocurvularin would appear to derive from curvularin by an unusual carbon-carbon bond break between C14 and Cl5 [86]. 

A new amylase isolated from a Mucor sp. (Mucoraceae) associated with Spirastrella sp., a marine sponge from the Andaman Sea (India), was studied for its enzymatic activity. This enzyme has an optimal pH of 5.0 and an optimal temperature of 60°C. It was strongly inhibited by EDTA [177]. This is the first description of amylasic activity relative to a marine Zygomycotina. 

Data in the literature show that the secondary metabolites of hadromerid sponges show few significant differences from those of the Astrophorida. There are a few halogenated or sulfated molecules, peptides, depsipepti-des and especially macrolactones (macrolides) in the genera Latrunculia and Spirastrella. These have led to the discovery of an important family of antitumor substances. 

Spirastrella Macrolactones, peroxy derivatives, /yso-phosphatidyl-cholines... 

Overall, about haF of the 403 structures that have been isolated are from only four genera Cliona (34), Latrunculia (81), Spirastrella (42), and Tethya (37), and the main results concerning secondary metabolites of Hadromerida are summarized in Table 19.26. A few observations, as the similarity of the metabolites produced by genera Polymastia, Tethya and Suberites lead in the same direction than the... 

The first marine examples of sphingosines sulfated at position 4 were observed in this same Korean species, Spirastrella abata (Alam et al, 2002). These derivatives are cytotoxic to five types of human solid tumor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to lOpgml". ... 

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