Spinning time

Emslie (4) -i 0.5 density, spinning time, initial thickness... 

The electron-spin time-correlation functions of Eq. (56) were evaluated numerically by constructing an ensemble of trajectories containing the time dependence of the spin operators and spatial functions, in a manner independent of the validity of the Redfield limit for the rotational modulation of the static ZFS. Before inserting thus obtained electron-spin time-correlation functions into an equation closely related to Eq. (38), Abernathy and Sharp also discussed the effect of distortional/vibrational processes on the electron spin relaxation. They suggested that the electron spin relaxation could be described in terms of simple exponential decay rate constant Ts, expressed as a sum of a rotational and a distortional contribution ... 

Feed Time Spin Time, Wash Time Spin Time ... 

Figure 4. A translating spinning cylinder. The polar vector in the rotation-translation (screw displacement) corresponds to the direction of translation and the axial vector to the direction of spin. Time reversal (7) does not change the sense of chirality of homomorphous systems (a) and (b) in terms of the helicity generated by the product of the two vectors, (a) and (b) are both right-handed. Space inversion (P) of (a) yields a left-handed system (c), the enantiomorph of (a). Time reversal of (a), followed by rotation of (b) by 180° (Rn) about an axis perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, yields (d), a homomorph of (a). Space inversion of (d) brings us back to (c).

NMR spin lattice relaxation measurements provide very direct information about the Fourier transform of the spin susceptibility x( w) in a one-dimensional conductor [39]. The spin degrees of freedom constitute a relaxation channel for nuclear spin due to the modulation of the hyperfine interaction by the electron spin time dependence, which is given generally... 

This corresponds to a density of states, in wave number space, of n/(27t). The energy of each state is given by h k /2m, so the state of the gas that is of lowest energy will be obtained by putting one electron of each spin in each state within a sphere, the Fermi sphere in wave number space, with a radius kr chosen to be just large enough that all electrons are accommodated. If there are N electrons per unit volume, or a total of Nil electrons, the product of the sphere volume, times two for spin, times the density of states in wave number space, must equal NQ ... 

It was found that both Newtonian and Carreau liquids always gave radially uniform films at sufficiently long spinning times even for initially non-uniform film thickness profiles. Power-law and viscoplastic materials gave highly non-uniform films even for initially uniform film thickness profiles. Since all the polymer solutions of interest in microelectronic applications can be described by non-Newtonian Carreau viscosity equation it can be concluded that uniform polymer thin films can be produced by the SCD process. 

Figure 3. Calculated dimensionless wet film thickness profiles for Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids at selected dimensionless spinning time T defined in ref. (12).

Conditions for isopycnic equilibrium in CsCl solutions at 25°C. DNA molecular weight >10 dalton. For smaller DNAs use longer gradients and spinning times. 

The DNA can he seen directly in the CsCl gradient by reversibly staining with ethidium bromide (Firtel and Bonner 1971). Solid CsCl is added to the DNA solution to make the density up to about 1.55 g ml (0.97 g CsCl to each 1 ml original DNA solution) followed hy 1/20 volume of ethidium bromide solution (10 mg/ml in water). Spinning time is 48 hr at 40,000 rev/min. RNA and... 

After a spin time to filter the mother liquor through the solids, wash liquor is commonly applied in either a single step or various combinations, typically via a wash pipe with nozzles. The cake is spun for a... 

The interfacial characteristics between an oil drop and aqueous mixed emulsifier solutions were studied with a spinning drop interfacial tensiometer. An interfacial layer was observed at the oil/aqueous phase interface, as evidenced by the formation of "tails" on the rotating drop. The length of these "tails" increased with spinning time and rotation speed. The interfacial tensions between styrene and aqueous mixed emulsifier solutions were unexpectedly high, 5 to 13 dynes/cm, whereas tensions in the range of 10 2 dynes/cm were measured between the "tails" and the aqueous solution. 

Spln-on and Cure Procedure. The spln-on applications of SOG were carried out with a manual photoresist spinner (Headway, Carrolton, Texas) under a laminar flow hood. In order to minimize the splash back problem, spray of the substrate by the mist or droplets formed by the SOG solution thrown off against the spinner bowl wall, it was necessary to apply a downward exhaust through the bottom of the bowl. The films were spun on 3 in. or 4 in. diameter single-crystal silicon wafers using an acceleration of 20,000 rpm/sec and a spin-time of 20 sec. at the desired speed. For most of the characterizations, the SOG film was cured at 100 C for 15 min. followed by 400°C for 60 min. in ambient air. 

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