Sphingolipids cellular processes

In 1997, Simons and Ikonen (8) proposed that strongly ordered membrane domains rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids would be involved in a variety of cellular processes such as signal... 

Lipid rafts on cell membranes are cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich domains that function as platforms for signal transduction and other cellular processes [6], Tethered lipid bilayers have been proposed as a promising model membrane to describe the structure and function of cell membratKs [7]. Based on these facts, we endeavor to array the lipid rafts as a form of tethered bilayer lipid membrare into the nanopattemed substrates to generate a raft membrane-based biosensing platform (Fig. Ic). 

SIP may be involved in cell survival, cell migration, and inflammation [48], The involvement of S IP in these cellular processes is largely through interactions with the G-protein-coupled receptors, known as SIP receptors [48], Inside the cell, SIP can induce calcium release, which is independent of the S1P receptors, the mechanism of which remains unknown. Other sphingolipids such as GluCer and gangliosides are also involved in cellular signaling processes [36,49],... 

Lipids have several important functions in animal cells, which include serving as structural components of membranes and as a stored source of metabolic fuel (Griner et al., 1993). Eukaryotic cell membranes are composed of a complex array of proteins, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. The relative proportions and fatty acid composition of these components dictate the physical properties of membranes, such as fluidity, surface potential, microdomain structure, and permeability. This in turn regulates the localization and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Assembly of membranes necessitates the coordinate synthesis and catabolism of phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids to create the unique properties of a given cellular membrane. This must be an extremely complex process that requires coordination of multiple biosynthetic and degradative enzymes and lipid transport activities. 

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