Sphingolipids, biochemistry

Kanfer JN, Hakomori S (eds) (1983) Handbook of lipid research, vol 3, Sphingolipid biochemistry, Plenum, New York... 

Hakomori, S.-i. (1983) Sphingolipid biochemistry, in Handbook of Lipid Research,... 

Hakomori, S.-i. (1983) Chemistry of Glycosphingolipids in Sphingolipid Biochemistry, J. N. Kanfer and S.-i. Hakomori, editors, Plenum Press, New York, p. 35. 

Hakomori, S. Chemistry of Glycosphingolipids. In Kanfer JN, Hakomori S, editors. Sphingolipid Biochemistry. New York and London Plenum Press (1983) 1-165. 

Alvarez-Vasquez, R, Sims, K.J., Cowart, L.A., Okamoto, Y., Voit, E.O., Hannun, Y.A. 2005. Simulation and validation of modelled sphingolipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 433 425-430. Hakomori, S. 1983. Chemistry of glycosphingolipids. In Sphingolipid Biochemistry. J.N. Kanfer, S. Hakomori, editors. New York, NY Plenum, pp. 1-164. 

Kanfer and Hakomori (1983) have published a comprehensive review on sphingolipid biochemistry. 

Kanfer,J.N. and Hakomori,S-l. (editors), Sphingolipid Biochemistry (Handbook of Lipid Research Vol. 3.) (1983) (Plenum Press, New York). 

FIGURE 3.9 Key structures in sphingolipid biochemistry. Sphingosine is the common building unit of all... 

Merrill AH, Sweeley CC Sphingolipids metabolism and cell signaling. In Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes. Vance DE, Vance JE (editors). Elsevier, 1996. 

Rosenwald, A. G., Machamer, C. E., and Pagano, R. E. (1992). Effects of a sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor on membrane transport through the secretory pathway. Biochemistry 31, 3581-3590. 

Ahmed, S.N., Brown, D.A., and London, E. (1997) On the origin of sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich detergent-insoluble cell membranes physiological concentrations of cholesterol and sphingohpid induce formation of a detergent-insoluble, liquid-ordered lipid phase in model membranes. Biochemistry 36 10944-10953. 

Yavin, E., and Gatt, S., 1969, Enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingolipids. 8. Further purification and properties of rat brain ceramidase. Biochemistry 8 1692-1698. 

Lipids are made up of many classes of very different molecules that all show solubility properties in organic solvents. Mass spectrometry plays a key role in the biochemistry of lipids. Indeed, mass spectrometry allows not only the detection and determination of the structure of these molecules but also their quantification. For practical reasons, only the fatty acids, acylglycerols and bile acids are discussed here, although other types of lipids such as phospholipids, [253-256] steroids, [257-259] prostaglandins, [260] ceramides, [261,262] sphingolipids [263,264] and leukotrienes [265,266] have been analysed successfully by mass spectrometry. Moreover, the described methods will be limited to those that are based only on mass spectrometry, even if the majority of these methods generally are coupled directly or indirectly with separation techniques such as GC or HPLC. A book on the mass spectrometry of lipids was published in 1993. [267]... 

Carter HE, Clemer WD, Lands WM, Muller KL, Tomizawa HH (1954) Biochemistry of the sphingolipides. VIII. Occurrence of a long chain base in plant phosphatides. J Biol Chem 206 613-623 Casiraghi G, Rassu G, Spanu P (1995) Stereoselective approaches to bioactive carbohydrates and alkaloids-with a focus on recent syntheses drawing from the chiral pool. Chem Rev 95 1677... 

Teles JH, Breuer K, Enders D, Gielen H (1999) One pot synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted l-alkyl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-l-ium salts. Synth Commun 29 1-9 Thorpe SR, Sweeley C (1967) Chemistry and metabolism of sphingolipids. On the biosynthesis of phytosphingosine by yeast. Biochemistry 6 887... 

Levery, S.B., Toledo, M.S., Straus, A.H., and Takahashi, H.K., 1998, Structure elucidation of sphingolipids from the mycopathogen Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis An immunodominant (3-galactofuranose residue is carried by a novel glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide antigen. Biochemistry 37 8764-8775. 

Merrill AH Ir, Schmelz EM, Dillehay DL, Spiegel S, Shayman lA, Schroeder II, Riley RT, Voss KA, Wang E. Sphingolipids - The enigmatic lipid class biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1997 142 208-225. 

A genus of bacteria, termed the Sphingobacterium, produces sphingolipids by a pathway similar to that in mammals. Clostridia produce plasmalogens (l-alk-l -enyl lipids) by an anaerobic pathway clearly different from the Oj-dependent pathway in mammals (Chapter 9). Branched-chain fatty acids are also found in which the methyl group is inserted post-synthetically into the middle of the chain, in a manner analogous to cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis (Section 5.5). S-adenosylmethionine is also the methyl donor for these reactions. The biochemistry surrounding the formation of these and many other bacterial phospholipids remains to be elucidated. 

Hannun, YA, Luberto, C and Argraves, KM (2001) Enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism from modular to integrative signaling. Biochemistry, 40,4893-4903. 

W. P. Norris, F. J. Glick, G. E. Phillips, and R. Harris Biochemistry of sphingolipides, II. Isolation of dihydrosphingosine from the cerebroside fractions of beef brain and spinal cord. J. biol. Chem. 170, 269 (1947). 

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