Spermatogenesis contraceptive effect

The one product obtained from cottonseed oil, Gossypol which is categorized as non-hormonal selective spermatogenesis suppressant, is effective in producing azoospermia or severe oligospermia but it is not widely used as male contraceptive. Mechanism of action is not known. Adverse effects are edema, diarrhoea, hypokalemia, neuritis. 

Bebb RA, Anawalt BD, Christensen RB, Paulsen CA, Bremner WJ, Matsumoto AM. Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone a promising male contraceptive approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 81(2) 757-62. 

Wu FC, Balasubramanian R, Mulders TM, Coelingh-Bennink HJ. Oral progestogen combined with testosterone as a potential male contraceptive additive effects between desogestrel and testosterone enanthate in suppression of spermatogenesis, pituitary-testicular axis, and lipid metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 84(l) 112-22. 

Attempts to devise a male contraceptive (antifertility) have involved the testing of a number of chemicals for their ability to interfere with spermatogenesis or spermatozoa viability. In order to be effective, a contraceptive would... 

Finally, control of male fertihty represents also an important option. The ideal reversible contraceptive would induce azoospermia (absence of sperm cells in semen), without influencing a man s libido or sexual potency. The current best prospect for success is the combination of testosterone and a progestin with or without a GnRH-antagonist. This regimen has shown efficient suppression of spermatogenesis and no serious adverse effects. 

Reviews - A review of the clinical effects of antifertility agents appeared by Tyler.The action of drugs on spermatogenesis has been reviewed by Fox and Fox. Borth reviewed current concepts concerning the endocrinology of the human menstrual cycle. The mode of action of contraceptive drugs has been comprehensively reviewed by Diczfalusy. ... 

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