Spending trends

Dubois, Robert W., Anita J. Chawla, Cheryl A. Neslusan, et al. 2000. Explaining Drug Spending Trends Does Perception Match Reality Health Affairs 19 231-239. 

Table 23.2 Provincial health spending trends by economic classification ...

American spending trends. Americans spend approximately 33 billion annually on weight loss remedies such as diet pills, books, and weight reduction programs, according to the USDA report. 

Inspection of the values present earlier in Table 10.9, a list of spending trends in the United States for selected years and selected items, indicates that the CPI as a group are suppliers of products for many of the segments, and spending increases contribute to the growth within the CPI. The dollar output in... 

Little more can be concluded from an examination of R D spending trends. For example, investors might or might not expect the number of drugs approved for marketing to increase in the future. The R D could be directed toward fewer products with more lucrative markets, or it could be directed to the introduction of a large number of products, each with more modest market potential. 

Rovner, S.L. Academic R D Spending Trends, Chem Eng News, 2004, Nov 15, pg 37 and the National Science Foundation, WebCASPAR Database System. 

Recent Trends in U.S. Electric Utility DSM Spending (Billion )... 

As a system of public financing, the most immediate goal of RP is to control public pharmaceutical expenditure, independently of the trend in total pharmaceutical expenditure. It is based on the assumption that the moderation of public spending should be achieved through the reduction of the price paid for products submitted to RP in view of the greater cost they may entail for users who choose a product with a higher price than the RP. 

In general, the results confirm the short-term nature of the pharmaceutical cost containment strategy. The trend followed by spending in the long term effectively shows a return to the initial levels prior to the measures. 

Ten-year trends in NME submissions to FDA and U.S. pharmaceutical research spending. The figure shows 10-year trends in U.S. pharmaceutical research and development (R D) investment (PAREXEL s Pharmaceutical R D Statistical Sourcebook 2002/2003) and the number of submissions to FDA of new molecular entities (NMEs), defined as drugs with novel chemical structure. (Redrawn from http //www.fda.gov/ oc/initiatives/criticalpath/whitepaper.html.)... 

Figure 9.1. Trend in direct-to-consumer advertising spending, 1994-2004. Source IMS Health and Competitive Media Reports.

A general suggestion for a successful audit is to spend most of your time on major issues and a smaller portion of your time on small issues. There may be observations that you may wish to point out to supervisory personnel that deserve attention but do not belong in an audit report because they are relatively insignificant. By the same token, too many small items suggests a trend of noncompliance and deserve attention as such. When citing these, be specific. 

PAREXEL S Pharmaceutical R D statistical sourcebook 2005/2006, edited by Mark P. Mathieu, Comparative R D spending, sales, and product launch trends worldwide A2005 Analysis, p. 6. 

Morgan PC, for the Congressional Research Service at the Library of Congress. 2004. Health Care Spending Past Trends and Projections, Order Code RL31094 available at http //kuhl.house.gov/UploadedFiles/healthspend ing.pdf accessed on November 14, 2007. 

Figure 2 The 10-year trend in biomedical research spending as reflected by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget (FY 1993-2003) and by the pharmaceutical companies research and development investment. Source Parexel s Pharmaceutical R D Statistical Sourcebook 2002/2003.

I have learned to accept this as a normal part of my life, just as I had to accept that I will never have a normal job, have children, or even spend a day like everyone else would. Life with MCS is an involuntarily hard and lonely life. Ever since my thirtieth birthday I have been declared 90 percent unable to work and have received a disability pension. I have concluded that there are many people in Germany with chemical sensitivity and that an upwards trend is at hand. The victims are left to themselves,... 

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