Spectrum analyzers principle types

Tbe reader new to mass spectrometry is advised to consult an appropriate introductory text [2-9]. A few mass spectrometric terms will be explained here by way of background and to outline the principles of choosing a flame ionization detector, ions are produced in the mass spectrometric detector, but the mass spectrometer is able to analyze these ions further according to their molecular weights or rather, mass-to-charge ratios (m/z, see below) to provide a mass spectrum. Different principles are employed to achieve this in a variety of types of mass spectrometer. The instruments most commonly used in GC—MS are known as magnetic sector, quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometers. Their differences are not further described here. Bench-top systems are of the quadrupole or ion trap type. 

In learning about NMR spectra, we have seen that chemical shift values can be assigned to specific types of protons, that the areas under peaks are proportional to the numbers of protons, and that nearby protons cause spin-spin splitting. By analyzing the structure of a molecule with these principles in mind, you can predict the characteristics of an NMR spectrum. Learning to draw spectra will help you to recognize the features of actual spectra. The process is not difficult if a systematic approach is used. A stepwise method is illustrated here, by drawing the NMR spectrum of the compound shown here. 

The general principle of operation of the FTIR method is similar to the DOAS method, because they both measure and analyze over a broad region of the spectrum. The principal difference is that an FTIR spectrometer is used instead of a conventional dispersive monochromator. The benefits of using an FTIR in place of a monochromator can be summarized in terms of two types of advantage ... 

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