Spectroscopy of energetic materials

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. See in Vol 9, S178-L ff under Spectroscopy of Energetic Materials ... 

Further applications of spectrometry to explosive and pyrot phenomena are listed under the entry, Spectroscopy of Energetic Materials , in this Vol... 

In optical pyrometry the size of the luminous object must meet a certain minimum, and the radiant energy output must be uniform over the area observed, lest the apparent temp be low. Moreover, temp readings will be low if radiant energy is absorbed in the colder outer gas envelope. The role of smoke and other debris in the study of expls was alluded to in an earlier article ( Spectroscopy of Energetic Materials in this Vol). There, too, was referenced rapid scan spectroscopy for the resolution of pyrot phenomena, and of the energetics of fuel-air expins. For more extensive discussions of high temp measurement techniques, see Ref 6a... 

Hasue K., Nakahara S., Morimoto J., Yamagami T., Okamoto Y, and Miyakawa T., Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Energetic Materials, Propellants, Explosives Pyrotechnics, 20(4), 187-191, 1995. 

The studies at LANL were designed to provide complementary data on the hydrolysis reaction of energetic materials under similar conditions to those employed at HAAP. Gas production was monitored by mass spectroscopy over the course of the reaction, but only N2, N20, NH3, and NO were reported. No measurements were made of total hydrocarbons (THC) in the offgas. 

T. Lo, I.S. Gregory, C. Baker, P.F. Taday, W.R. Tribe and M.C. Kemp, The very far-infrared spectra of energetic materials and possible confusion materials using terahertz pulsed spectroscopy , Vib. Spectrosc. 42 (2006) 243—248. 

Timken, M. D., Chen, J. K. and Brill, T. B. (1990). Thermal decomposition of energetic materials. 37. SMATCH FT-IR (simultaneous mass and temperature-change FT-IR) spectroscopy. Applied Spectrosc., 44, 701-6. [148]... 

Toward filling these voids, we have developed several fast thermolysis/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques that permit near real-time studies of energetic materials heated at 70-400 C/sec under selected pressures in the 1-1000 psi range. These techniques are described in the companion article for this Institute. 

Oyumi, Y. and Brill, T.B. Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 5. High-Rate, In Situ, Thermolysis of Two Nitrosamine Derivatives of RDX by FTIR Spectroscopy Combustion and Flame 62, 233-241. 

Oyumi, Y., Brill, T.B., Rheingold, A.L. and Lowe-Ma, C. (1985) Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 2. The Thermolysis of N0o and C10i Salts of the Pentaerythrityltetrammonium Ion, C(CH2NHo)4, by Rapid-Scan FTIR Spectroscopy. The Crystal Structure of [C(CH2NH3)4](N03)i . Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, 2309-2315. 

Cronin, J.T. and Brill, T.B. (1987) Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 26. Simultaneous Temperature Measurements of the Condensed Phase and Rapid-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy of the Gas Phase at High Heating Rate Applied Spectroscopy 41, 1147-1151. 

The widely used technique of light spectroscopy has also been applied to the qual and quant detn of bound N in energetic materials. There are five distinct systems used colorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, polarimetry, Raman spec troscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy... 

The low Ti content (up to 3 wt % in Ti02) makes the extraction of vibrational, energetic, and geometric features specific to Ti04 moieties a difficult task as the experimental data are dominated by the features of the siliceous matrix. This is the reason why the structure of the local environment around Ti(IV) species inside TS-1 was only definitively assessed more than 10 years after the discovery of the material, when the atomic selectivity of X-ray absorption spectroscopies (both XANES and EXAFS) were used [58-60]. 

This chapter describes the application of these techniques to a liquid photolytic reaction. The motivation was the assessment of the capabilities and limitations of single-pulse nonlinear Raman spectroscopy as a probe of fast reactions in energetic materials. 

The structure of high energetic materials - nitroazo(azoxy)furazans showing high crystal density and excellent energetic properties of detonation velocity and detonation pressure - has been studied by NMR spectroscopy [137, 139, 505, 508, 509, 511, 518, 519],... 

I, 3,5-trinitro- -triazine. A Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy study of an energetic material. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 22, 363-5. [283]... 

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