Spectrometry Principles and Applications

1) Environment Canada, Environmental Technology Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada KIA OHS and 2) Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9. 

In 1898 Weiss first demonstrated that positive rays could be deflected by means of electronic and magnetic fields. However, the first mass spectra of simple low molecular weight substances are credited to J. J. Thompson in 1912. Mass spectrometry has since then come a long way. Mass spectrometry differs from most spectroscopic method in that it makes use of both, the physics and the chemistry of molecules (... and yes you are right, the word spectrometry is used instead of spectroscopy ). In its original form, mass spectrometry performs three main functions, namely the ionisation of molecules, the separation of these molecules according to their mass-to-charge-ratio, and the determination of the respective abundance of each ion so-produced. 

In the early years, the petroleum industry acted as a catalyst for the development of this physical method. However, over the past twenty-five years, organic mass spectrometry has been the subject of a series of major developments. Some of them, such as the advent of commercially available interfaces for gas-liquid, high performance liquid, and supercritical fluid chromatographs, as well as novel ionisation techniques particularly well suited for high molecular weight, non-volatile macromolecules were welcome and well-accepted by the food analysts. Others, such as the introduction of relatively inexpensive quadrupole mass filters that proved to be reliable and 

The first pathway, equation (2), is a dissociative process that produces an ion, A+, and a radical, B, while the second one, equation (3), resvdts in the 

These steps, ionisation and dissociations, must be carried out in vacuum so as to avoid collisions between the ions of interest and other substances (e.g. neutrals and radicals). Taken together, such a series of unimolecular dissociations are termed fragmentation patterns. They are characteristic of the structural features of the original molecular ion radical, hence the extensive applications of mass spectrometry to structure elucidation problems. 

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Vickerman J C, Brown A and Reed N M (eds) 1989 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Applications (Oxford Clarendon)... 

Hoffmann, E. de, Charette, J., and Stroobant, V., Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 1996. 

Vickerman, J.C., Brown, A., and Reed, N.M., Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications,... 

M.L. Gross and R. Caprioli (eds), The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Elsevier, Amsterdam (2000-2002), 10 vols. E. De Hoffmann and V. Stroobant, Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester (2001). 

E. De Hoffmann and V. Stroobant, Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester (2001). 

W.M.A. Niessen and J. van der Greef, in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Principles and Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY (1999), Chapter 11. 

Figures 4.38(c) and (d), 4.40, 9.52(a) and (b) from de Hoffmann, Charette and Stroobant, Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Application (1996) by permission of John Wiley Sons.

De Hoffmann, E. Stroobant, V. Mass Spectrometry - Principles and Applications 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons Chichester, 2001. 

Higashi T, Takido N, Shimada K. 2003. Detection and characterization of 20-oxosteroids in rat brains using LC-electron capture APCI-MS after derivatization with 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine. Analyst 128 130. de Hoffman E, Stroobant V. 2001. Mass spectrometry principles and applications, 2nd edn. West Sussex, England Wiley. 

E. de Hoffmann, J. Charette, V. Stroobant. Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Applications, Wiley, New York, 1996, pp. 21-33. 

I. Howe, D. H. Williams, and R. D. Bowen, Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, UK, 1981. 

Spectrometry-Principles and Application. New York McGraw-Hill. 

Inorganic Mass Spectrometry Principles and Applications J. S. Becker... 

Inorganic mass spectrometry principles and applications/Johanna Sabine Becker, p. cm. 

J. C. Vickerman, A. Brown, and N. M. Reed (editors) Secondary ion mass spectrometry principles and applications... 

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