Spectrographic detection systems

Fluorescence will interfere with kinetic absorbance measurements for the duration of the fluorescence or of the pump pulse, whichever is longer. Scattered light and 

When the observation wavelength lies within the absorbance of the reactant, negative absorption may be due to bleaching. Transient kinetics should always be determined at several wavelengths and transient spectra at various delay times, t. 

Fluctuations of the laser pulse can be eliminated by calibration, that is, by independent monitoring of the pulse intensity for each individual shot. Sample degradation can be avoided by using flow systems. 

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Vendor Model Laser Spectrograph Detection system Sample chamber or fiber probe... 

Photographic plates used in early instruments have now been abandoned because they are slow, non-reproducible and their response is nonlinear with ion intensity (low dynamic range). However, the principle of simultaneous detection is very attractive. Spark source Mattauch-Herzog spectrographs have long used this detection system. 

Quantitative spectrographic analyses for trace elements in high-temperature ash samples of coal have been reported by Abemethy et ah (1), Zubovic et ah (2,3,4,5), Rao (6), and Hunter and Headlee (7). We felt that it was desirable to develop additional analysis methods, especially for the direct-reading spectrometric technique, in which small changes of some matrix constituents might cause relatively large variations in results because of the increased sensitivity of the detection system. A... 

Figure 4.9 shows the fundamental parts of an emission spectrograph a means to excite the sample, a dispersive element and a detection system. 

Oriel Corp., ORIEL Corp. Light Sources, Monochromators Spectrographs, Detectors Detection Systems, Fiber Optics (the Oriel three volume catalog) (E. Esposito and N. Fernandes, Eds.), Vol. 2. Author, Stratford, CT (1994). 

Once the detector has been chosen, the problem remains of demonstrating that any radiation observed is that of the oxygen systems, and of separating the bands from each other and from any background radiation. For the 7620 A band it is possible to use a spectrograph with photographic detection (as, for example, in the study of Clyne et al.27), while a monochromator may be used with photoelectric devices as exemplified by the experiments of Whitlow and Findlay.15 In many cases, however, the intensity of emission is too weak to be detected after dispersion, and narrow-band interference filters can then be used to advantage. 

To acquire this information, the two displaced continuum beams are imaged with a cylindrical and a spherical lens onto different positions along the length of the entrance slit of a low dispersion spectrograph (Instruments SA, model UFS-200). The two resulting parallel dispersed spectra are fully separated from each other at the focal plane, where they are detected by the model 1254 SIT detector head of an EG + G Princeton Applied Research Corporation optical multichannel analyzer system. In conjunction with a model 1216 detector controller and model 1215 console, this detector is programmed with a two dimensional... 

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