Specific gravity data

Evidence of the appHcation of computers and expert systems to instmmental data interpretation is found in the new discipline of chemometrics (qv) where the relationship between data and information sought is explored as a problem of mathematics and statistics (7—10). One of the most useful insights provided by chemometrics is the realization that a cluster of measurements of quantities only remotely related to the actual information sought can be used in combination to determine the information desired by inference. Thus, for example, a combination of viscosity, boiling point, and specific gravity data can be used to a characterize the chemical composition of a mixture of solvents (11). The complexity of such a procedure is accommodated by performing a multivariate data analysis. 

Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 X and 1 atm. Liquid or solid Molecular Weight Not pertinent Boiling Point at 1 atm. Decomposes Freezing Point Not pertinent Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity Data not available Veqtor (Gas) Density Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion Not pertinent Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

Interpret the meaning of specific gravity data taken from reference tables. 

The use of density (specific gravity) data (ASTM D-1298, IP 160) for mineral oil is variable, although, for some grades of mineral oil, a high density can be indicative of the ultimate use of the oil. 

For example, density or specific gravity data (ASTM D-1298, ASTM D-1480, ASTM D-1481, ASTM D-4052, ASTM D-5002 IP 160) are frequently included as a specification requirement for transformer oil when transformers operate in cold climates. Water, however undesirable in electrical equipment, does collect therein, and if an oil has a high density, any water/ice present would float on the oil instead of remaining at the bottom of the oil container, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the oil. 

To eliminate questions of accuracy of liquid meter data and specific gravity data (used to generate the inputs for the mass balance) hquid mass meters were installed as a check. The problem is, however, when you have two meters in service and they generate conflicting data, which is correct To solve this problem, integrators and totalizers were added to the orifice meters as a check on the other meters. When at least two out of the three read the same, we assume they are correct. This limits the amount of time we have to spend calibrating meters. 

In earlier editions of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Press), percent composition and specific gravity data for solutions of many common reagent solutions are given. Let us take, for example, pairs of values for aqueous hydrochloric acid (%HC1, sp gr at 25°C) from the Handbook and copy the data into Quattro, and then calculate the molarity, molality and mole fraction of HCl for each of these solutions. 

Fitting distillation or specific gravity data to lognormal distributions... 

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