Spawning protocol

The various spawning protocols are not necessarily definitive though, i.e. not guaranteed to work in all cases. They will only be successful if mussels are in a suitable condition to respond to any stimuli offered. It appears that the condition of the animals is paramount and, when they are ripe, a range of different stimuli can trigger spawning, although some are more efficacious than others. 

Discoveries made in the late 1970s of electrical conductivity in conjugated polymers spawned a monumental interest in the study of these materials, which are ideally suited for synthesis via cross-coupling reactions. Yamamoto was the first to realize this possibility with a regiochemicahy defined synthesis of poly(/ -phenylene) formed via the Kumada-Corriu protocol. Since then, various cross-coupling reactions have been applied in condensation polymerization reactions,with the Suzuki and Sonogashira protocols gaining the most widespread use. 

Pipeline Pilot is deployed as a client/server system, with desktop PCs connecting to a central service-oriented architecture deployed on an Apache Web server. The server maintains a repository of components and protocols, in addition to its role as a computational engine. Jobs are spawned to run protocols and provide feedback to the client. These facilities are exposed as standard Web services. 

In one protocol using zebra fish, the spawn from unexposed adults are collected, the fertilization rate determined after 24 h and the test continued with fertilized ova the survival rate and body length of the larvae are then determined after 6 weeks during which time the larvae are exposed to the toxicant and provided with food (Nagel et al. 1991). 

Several species of amphioxus can be found in temperate and tropical seas the protocol given is designed for B. floridae. These can be collected in large numbers from Old Tampa Bay, Florida, or other sandy bays around the Gulf of Mexico. They can only be spawned between July and September even then, successful spawning is obtained only once every 10-14 d. 

---