Tubed sparklers

Wire sparklers are wires coated with pyrotechnic composition which are hand-held and produce a gende spray of gold sparks from iron filings. Fountains are cardboard tubes filled with chemical mixtures that produce a spray of color and sparks extending 2—5 m into the air. Roman candles are cylindrical tubes which repeatedly fire colored stars distances of 5—20 m into the air. These items typically contain 5—12 stars. 

There are two main types of sparkler wire sparklers that are sold in many shops for most of the year and tubed sparklers that resemble pencils in shape and size. 

Compositions must be well covered by other material in order to protect them against flames, fire dust sparks or general kinds of sparks. In practice, the composition is wound with paper tape, twisted in pieces of paper tapo or charged in small amounts into paper tubes. This plays an important role for the division and isolation of the composition. Some items like sparklers or Senk-Hanabi have exposed compositions with no cover but these compositions are quite insensitive to shock and friction and need no cover. Nevertheless they must be packed in groups with a small number in each pack. 

Experiment 3.5 Measuring the entropy emitted during a reaction For example, the entropy emitted by the chemical reaction of iron and sulfur into iron sulfide can be measured by a simple ice calorimeter. A mixture of iron powder and sulfur powder is put into a lest tube, and the test tube is subsequently placed in the calorimeter vessel filled with crushed ice. The reaction is initiated by a preheated glass rod or a sparkler. The melt water is collected in a graduated cylinder whereby 0.82 ml of melt water corresponds to the unit of entropy. 

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