Spark source schematic

A schematic diagram showing the general construction of an arc or spark source. Actual construction details depend partly on whether samples need to be analyzed automatically. The sample material can be placed on the cathode or can even compose the whole of the cathode. If graphite is used, the sample needs to be pressed into the shape of a cathode after admixture with the carbon. 

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a Mattauch-Herzog geometry spark source mass spectrometer using an ion-sensitive plate detector.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a double focusing spark source mass spectrometer...

Figure 7.11 A schematic spark source, showing a flat metal sample as the cathode and a tungsten counterelectrode as anode. (From Hareland, used with permission.)...

Figure 7.2. Schematic of a radio-frequency spark source.

Figure 7.11 A schematic spark source, showing a flat metal sample as the cathode and a tungsten counterelectrode as anode. (From Hareland, W., Atomic emission spectroscopy, in Ewing, G.W. ed.. Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, 2nd edn., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1997. With permission.)...

FIGURE 403 Schematic of a spark source ion source. Adapted from Reference [43]. 

Figure 7.9 Schematic spark excitation source. S is a switch, C is a capacitor, L is an inductor, R is a resistor, and V is a voltage source. (From Thomsen, used with permission from ASM International .)...

Fig. 8-3 Schematic drawing of a temperature jump apparatus. (A) Light source (B) monochromator (C) observation cell (D) photomultiplier, emitter follower (E) oscilloscope (F) spark gap (G) high voltage.

Fig. 11.8. Schematic drawing of the electrically conductive geomembrane system. A thin co-extraded layer of electrically conductive PE and an electrically conductive (e.g. neoprene) pad, placed on top of the geomembrane, form a capacitor. If the test wand has electrical contact to the conductive PE layer, the capacitor will be charged by a high voltage source. Therefore, when the test wand hits a hole, a spark is produced closing the circuit...

There are several different devices for determination of dust explosion characteristics. All devices include a vessel which may be op>en or closed, an ignition source which may be an electrical spark or electrically heated wire coil and a supply of air for dispersion of the dust. The simplest apparatus is known as the vertical tube apparatus and is shown schematically in Figure 15.4. The sample dust is placed in the dispersion cup. Delivery of dispersion air to the cup is via a solenoid valve. Ignition may be either by electrical spark across electrodes or by heated coil. The vertical tube apparatus is used for the classification test and for determination of minimum dust concentration for explosion, minimum energy for ignition and in a modified form for minimum oxygen for combustion. 

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the electric field/temperature-jump apparatus. The equilibrium solution in the sample cell is perturbed by a square pulse produced by the high voltage pulse generator (HV PG). It consists of an energy storage (ES) unit, spark gaps (G I and G II) and a probe (PR). The analyzing light source [power supply (PS), lamp (L), monochromator (M), polarizer (P)] and the detector [analyzer (A), fiber optic (FO), photo multiplier (PM), power supply (PS), oscilloscope (OSC)] represent the detection system. The timing control provides for synchronization.

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