Soybean transformants

Lipoxygenase derived from soybean transforms linoleic acid at pH 9.2 nearly exclusively into 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z-l lE-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE, Scheme 4) and linoleinic acid into 16S-9Z 12Z,14E-octadecadienoic acid (13S-HPOTE, Scheme 5) [155]. 

We would like to thank Jan Hazebroek and his team for isoflavone measurements Christine Hazel, Cheryl Caster, and the soybean transformation team for production of transgenic soybeans and Joan Odell, Bill Hitz, and Carl Falco for useful discussion. 

Quite complex transformations may be mediated for example, the metabolism of phoxim by plant organs and cell snspension of soybean (Glycine max) (Hohl and Barz 1995) (Eigure 2.23). 

Some agronomically important plant species (e. g. soybean and most cereal grains) are recalcitrant to Agrobacterium transformation, and a biolistic method (microprojectile bombardment) is frequently used for these plants [47]. DNA coated on micron-sized gold particles is propelled into plant cells using compressed helium gas... 

Inhibition and stimulation of LOX activity occurs as a rule by a free radical mechanism. Riendeau et al. [8] showed that hydroperoxide activation of 5-LOX is product-specific and can be stimulated by 5-HPETE and hydrogen peroxide. NADPH, FAD, Fe2+ ions, and Fe3+(EDTA) complex markedly increased the formation of oxidized products while NADH and 5-HETE were inhibitory. Jones et al. [9] also demonstrated that another hydroperoxide 13(5)-hydroperoxy-9,ll( , Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) (formed by the oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean LOX) activated the inactive ferrous form of the enzyme. These authors suggested that 13-HPOD attached to LOX and affected its activation through the formation of a protein radical. Werz et al. [10] showed that reactive oxygen species produced by xanthine oxidase, granulocytes, or mitochondria activated 5-LOX in the Epstein Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocytes. 

Plant. Hiickelhoven et al. (1997) studied the metabolism of pyrene by suspended plant cell cultures of soybean, wheat, jimsonweed, and purple foxglove. Soluble metabolites were only detected in foxglove and wheat. Approximately 90% of pyrene was transformed in wheat. In foxglove, 1-hydroxypyrene methyl ether was identified as the main metabolite but in wheat, the metabolites were identified as conjugates of 1-hydroxypyrene. 

A number of inhibitors of carcinogen- and radiation-induced ceU transformation have been identified. These include protease inhibitors (antipain, leupeptin, soybean tryspin inhibitor), vitamin A analogs (retinoids), vitamin C (ascorbic add), glucocorticoids, and lymphotoxins (Kennedy, 1984). 

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