South-Eastern Europe

Vasilyeva, G. K., Shatalov, V. E. (2004). Simulation of POPs accumulation in soil. In Proceedings of 6th Subregional Meeting on Effect-Oriented Activities in the Countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe Relevant for the UN ECE Convention on LRTAP, Moscow-Pushchino, Russia, September 16-18, 2004... 

Cocaine use in Europe, in contrast, continued to increase unabated. Increases were reported from most of Western Europe and South-Eastern Europe. In fact, most of the global increase of cocaine use over the last decade can be attributed to rapidly rising cocaine consumption in Europe. Only in Central Europe and in East Europe were cocaine use levels reported to have remained stable in 2005-... 

Ginger is the rhizosome of the plant Zingiber officinale Roscoe, grown in southern Asia. It was one of the first oriental spices to reach south-eastern Europe in the ancient spice trade. 

Zerefos, C. S., C. Meleti, A F. Bais, A. Lambros (1995b) The Recent UV-B Variability Over South-eastern Europe, J Photochem. Photobiol B Biology 31,15-19. 

Turkey, the South Caucasus Countries and South-Eastern Europe seem to be the most promising markets for the Caspian gas. Recent statistics show that Armenia imported 100 %, whereas Georgia and Turkey roughly 95 %, and the South-Eastern European countries around 70% of its gas consumption (2000, 2001). All these countries currently import natural gas through existing pipelines mainly controlled by the Russian Gazprom or its subsidiaries. 

The annual rate of new infections in Germany is estimated at 15,000-20,000. The prevalence of HCV infection is 0.4 (-0.7)%, which equals approx. 500,000 chronic carriers of HCV. This includes both carriers with liver disease and people with an apparently healthy liver, since HCV RNA-positive persons show normal GPT values in 50-60% of cases, yet also display the histological signs of chronic hepatitis. In the countries of south-eastern Europe, the prevalence is 1.5-4.0%. As with hepatitis B, there are regions with a particularly high rate of infection, such as for example the Pacific area with 75%. Worldwide, the number of infectious HCV carriers is estimated at 200-300 million the number of those infected with HCV is estimated at approx. 5 million in Europe and 4 million in the USA. (313, 334, 344, 349, 358, 359, 377) (see chapter 34.6.6)... 

World Health Organization.The "Endemic Nephropathy"of South-Eastern Europe. Bull WId HIth Org 1965 32(3) 431-448. 

It is to be noted that there is a difference in alkaloid content between the two subspecies oi Salamandra, namely, S. maculosa taeniata (S.m.t.) endemic to western Europe and 9. maculosa maculosa (S.m.m.) endemic to south-eastern Europe (3). An outline of the alkaloids and their occurrence in the two subspecies are given in Table I the table emphasizes the two groups of alkaloids which will be discussed in the following sections. 

Source Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae). The plant is native to south-eastern Europe and is cultivated throughout Europe and North America. 

REC, 1990, Regional Environmental Centre for Eastern and South-eastern Europe - www.rec.org/REC/... 

World Health Organization. The "Endemic Nephropath/ of South-Eastern Europe. Bull WId HIth Org 1965 32(3) 431-448. Wolstenholme GEW, Knight J (editors). The Balkan Nephropathy. Ciba Foundation Study Group No. 30. London Churchill 1967. 

The diversification of natural gas supply to Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe should be treated with particular attention Recent years have clearly shown that supply security is a very local event. 

From the European side the two new Nordstream pipelines are already proving controversial in relation to the increased dependence on Russian gas that they will create for North-West Europe. These two pipelines will reduce dependence on Ukrainian transit routes, at least until such time as total Russian exports require all available transport capacity to be utilized. However, if Russian-Ukrainian gas relations fail to show sustained improvement, the majority of Nordstream pipeline capacity will be used to replace Russian exports via Ukraine, rather than for incremental exports. The same reasoning may be applied to the South Stream Gas Pipeline across the Black Sea providing a route to South-Eastern Europe via Bulgaria, possibly as far north as Hungary. "... 

In the period of the Middle Miocene to the Quaternary, the space of the Central and South-Eastern Europe was covered by the Pannonian Sea, formed in the spacious depression between the Alpine, Carpathian, and Dinaridian mountain ranges, where very thick sediment series were deposited. The northern part of Serbia-Vojvodina is situated in the south-east part of this sedimentation zone on an area of 21,506 km. The basic mass of these sediments make the Mesozoic clastites and carbonates along with crystalline schists and granitoids of the Paleozoic... 

In the following we address levels and sources, mass size and phase distributions of parent PAHs and the toxicity of ambient aerosols at urban and mral sites of central and south-eastern Europe. 

Production By steam distillation from ripe, dried juniper berries (juniperus communis). Origin mainly South Eastern Europe. 

Certainly, the EFs for this type of fire mostly depend on the temperature, the development of the smoke plume, the content of oxygen, and the quality of crude oil and its derivatives, so that the higher PAH emission is possible. This dilemma remains for every trial to assess the PAH transport and accumulation in the environment, and only representative POP measurements in the environmental compartments, where their half-lives allowed these investigations in the post-war period, could describe a realistic state. The POP measurements are organized in the EMEP network with intercomparison between laboratories [91], but this network does not cover South-Eastern Europe. 

Cornelian eherry Cornus mas L.) - a shrub or a 5 to 12 m tall tree, native to Central and South-Eastern Europe (from France to Ukraine) and Asia (fiem Turkey to China) produces one of the most valuable fruits within the Comaceae. Cornelian eherry is a slow growing plant whieh can live up to 300 years [Wadi et al., 2014]. The shiny fiuits are spherical or oval shaped one stone drupes which can be either yellow or deep red (almost black). 

A precursor of ascorbic acid, 2-0-(P-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid, was recently isolated from both the ripe fresh fruit and dried fruit of Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) known as Chinese wolfberry or Chinese boxthorn, which is native to south eastern Europe and Asia. The dried fruit contains 2-0-(P-D-glucopyranosyl)ascorbic acid at a level of 5000 mg/kg, which is comparable to the ascorbic acid content of fresh lemons. 

Cherry Laurel Oil is distilled from the leaves of Primus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, a native of South-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. Most of the oil is distilled in the south of Switzerland and in Italy. It is obtained also in England and Germany, together with the official cherry laurel water, by distilling the leaves in the ordinary way. It has the following characters —... 

Opium is the partly dried latex obtained from the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum Linn, and it is collected mainly in Turkey, the Indian subcontinent, China and parts of south-eastern Europe (Yugoslavia, Greece and Bulgaria). The British Pharmacopoeia still mentions four commercial varieties of opium (Turkish, Persian, Indian and European) although in practice the Persian variety is no longer met. Opium contains... 

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