Sources of Organic Reagents

The most complete listing of chemicals in commerce is Chem Sources published annually by the Directories Publishing Company, Flemington, New Jersey. This volume lists by name all commercially available chemicals with addresses of suppliers. 

Of more immediate use for the organic chemist is the remarkable compilation by L. F. Fieser and M. Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Wiley/Interscience. As of this writing. Volume 1 (1967) and Volume 2 (1969) have appeared, and future volumes are anticipated. In their usual thoroughgoing style, the Fiesers have listed hundreds of organic reagents, brief discussions of their sources and applications, and many literature references. 

Listed below are the organic compounds required for the synthetic experiments in this volume. The three main suppliers of organic reagents are indicated as follows  

The reference in parentheses following the name of the compound is to an experimental procedure for the preparation of that compound. 

Chromium trioxide-pyridine complex (Chapter 1, Section I) EK 

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Molybdic acid anhydride Molybdic anhydride Molybdic oxide Molybdic trioxide Natural molybdite NSC 216191. Source of Mo reagent for analytical chemistry agriculture manufacture of metallic molybdenum corrosion inhibitor ceramic glazes enamels pigments catalyst. Yellow-blue powder mp = 795° bp = 1155° 4.696 soluble in H2O (0.49 g/l), insoluble in organic solvents LDso (rat orl) = 2689 mg/kg, AAA Molybdenum Atomergic Chemetals Cerac Climax Molybdenum Co. 

Vanadium has numerous industrial uses such as the processing of steel, chemical production, polymer synthesis, ceramics and electronics production (Nriagu, 1997). As a catalyst, V is used in the contact process for the production of sulfuric acid and a variety of organic reagents. Vanadium compounds are also used as mordants in dyeing and printing of cotton and silk (Nriagu, 1997). Because of the multiplicity of sources, the concentrations of vanadium in municipal wastewaters vary widely, from <1.0 to over 3000/rg/l (Blackmore et al, 1996 Adriano, 2001). 

In most syntheses, a gel is initially prepared that contains framework-building inorganic species, typically aluminates, silicates, phosphates or metal-oxyani-ons, available in a reactive form. There are also syntheses that result in crystallisation from clear solution, and others that proceed under essentially dry gel conditions (without added water). The sources of the reagents can determine the products that form in general more reactive sources are favoured. In addition, for zeolites and related solids, structure directing species must be present in the gel that can stabilise the open framework structures relative to denser phases of the same composition. Hydrated metal cations and/or organic cations perform this function in zeolite preparations. 

The original protocol of a one-pot Strecker reaction was performed in water as reaction solvent, but in subsequent procedures, water has been replaced by organic solvents, such as toluene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile, or nonconventional solvent, such as ionic liquid [68], especially with TMSCN as cyanide source, to improve the solubility of organic reagents. Although there are also examples performed in aqueous media [69], including water-containing DMF [70], polyethylene... 

Write a series of equations showing how to prepare cis 5 decene from acetylene and 1 bromobutane as the source of all its carbons using any nec essary organic or inorganic reagents Hint You may find it helpful to review Sec tion 9 6)... 

Suggest methods for the preparation of each of these using D2O as the source of deutenum butanols of your choice and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents... 

You have already had considerable experience with carbanionic compounds and their applications in synthetic organic chemistry The first was acetyhde ion m Chapter 9 followed m Chapter 14 by organometallic compounds—Grignard reagents for example—that act as sources of negatively polarized carbon In Chapter 18 you learned that enolate ions—reactive intermediates generated from aldehydes and ketones—are nucleophilic and that this property can be used to advantage as a method for carbon-carbon bond formation... 

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