Source water selection guidelines

Other data that should be entered into the screen shown in Figure 10.8 includes the "Water Type." Clicking on this button will open up a box that allows the designer to select the feed water source (see Chapter 9.1 for details about the importance of the source of the feed water to the RO system). This box also lists the recommended percent salt passage increase per year and fouling factor that corresponds to the type of feed water selected. (These guidelines should be entered... 

The largest SWRO plant in North America, which obtains source water fiom beach wells, is the 15,000-m /day water supply facility for the Pemex Salina Cruz refinery in Mexico. This plant also has the largest existing seawater intake wells—three Raimey-type horizontal collectors with capacities of 15,000 m /day each. Key considerations for the selection of the type of intake most suitable for the site-specific conditions of a given SWRO plant and guidelines for the development of subsurface intakes for seawater desalination plants are discussed elsewhere (AWWA, 2007 Wright and Missimer, 1997 Voutchkov, 2004a). 

TABLE 3.4 Guidelines for Selection of Pretreatment Based on Source Water QuaUty... 

If the analysis of solid waste meets the guidelines given by State Pollution Control Authority (for chlorides, sulphates, phosphates, heavy metals) and has low calorific values, then it can be neutralised by the addition of lime, and immobilised by the addition of sodium silicate, fly ash, and portland cement as binding agent. It is now to be tested for oozing out of leachate when it is made wet (due to rainwater in practice), and can then be sent to the secured landfill site. This site is selected away from water bodies such as lakes, rivers, weUs, and groundwater sources for drinking water. 

The aquarium experiments weie designed to show the rate and extent of the radionuclide accumulations by organisms and sediments of the lake and to furnish guidelines for the field applications. The general objectives of the field experiments were (1), to measure the accumulations of the selected nuclides in organisms with access to their usual sources of nutrition and (2), to evaluate the role of the food web in the accumulation by measuring relative assimilation directly from the water in organisms held in containers. 

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