Sonics Materials, Inc

The milled rice straw pulp fiber was soaked in distilled water for more than 24 h, and then treated by high intensity ultrasonication (Sonics Materials. INC, CT, 20kHz, Model 1500 W) for 30 min with 80% power level. After ultrasonication treatment, the obtained RSF aqua compound was kept in frozen. 

Ultrasound irradiation is produced using a Sonics Materials Inc. Vibracell VC-300 or equivalent at 20 kHz with a 6-mm titanium probe and a power level of 5. For larger scale reactions, a 13-mm probe is recommended. Due to the corrosive nature of the reagents and the high intensity cavitation produced, pitting of probe tips can easily occur on extended use. The use of replaceable tips is therefore recommended. 

The reaction described below is an easy preparation of alkyl halides by a sequential radical decarboxylation-halogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives. In supplement to the example described here, other compoimds prepared by this method are shown in the table (yield in parentheses). In this work, ultrasonic waves were produced by a 250-W-high-intensity ultrasonic processor Vibracell from Sonics Materials Inc. 

A solution of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (122 mg, 1 mmol), methanesulfonyl fluoride (196 mg, 2 mmol, 2 equiv.), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF, 3 mL of a commercial 1M solution of trihydrate in water, 3 mmol, 3 equiv.), and 1 g of 4-A molecular sieves in 20 mL anhydrous THF is sonicated at 20 C for 2 h using a Sonics Materials Inc. VX-400 probe system (20 kHz, 13 mm probe, 120-W electrical power input). The reaction mixture is then filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by preparative circular thin-layer chromatography (Harrison Research Chromatotron with 2 mm silica gel layer) using ethyl acetate/n-hexane 1/1 as eluents yields methoxybenzyl fluoride (99 mg, 65%)... 

Acetonitrile (30 mL) was placed in a water-jacketed round-bottom cyclindrical tube (20 cm high, 2.5 cm diameter) equipped with inert gas inlet and outlet. 3,4-(2H)-Dihydropyran (168 mg, 0.18 mL, 2 mmol), potassium monomethylester malonate (850 mg, 5 mmol), and ceric ammonium nitrate (2.39 g, 4 nunol) were added imder an argon atmosphere. The orange mixture, cooled to 15 C, was sonicated with a Vibracell 600-W emitter (Sonics Materials Inc.) equipped with a microtip probe (3 mm diameter) immersed by ca. 2 cm. 

Fig. 9-30A. Ultrasonic bonding of thermoplastic products is adaptable to complex high volume products as well as for simple pieces. Shown here is a semiautomatic slide table ultrasonic assembly system that uses standard welding heads and power supply to weld polystyrene automotive defroster duct assemblies. The high frequency vibration generated by the head generates heat at the weld line for bonding. Fast welds are achieved by this process. Courtesy Sonics Materials, Inc.)...

The submitters used Heat Systems-Ultrasonics Model W-220 (maximum output power 200W) with a standard horn. The checkers used a Sonics and Materials Inc. Vibra-Cell High Intensity Ultrasonic Processor (maximum power outlet 600W)... 

Sonicator equipped with a 3 mm diameter titanium probe (Vibra Cell, Sonics and Materials Inc., Danubury, CT). 

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