Sonic hedgehog proteins

Calcutt, N. A., Allendoerfer, K. L., Mizisin, A. P. et al. Therapeutic efficacy of sonic hedgehog protein in experimental diabetic neuropathy. /. Clin. Invest. Ill 507-514,2003. 

Peptide mapping of the Sonic Hedgehog protein (SHH) was done via a cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digest that cleaved at the carboxy-terminus of Methionine residues (12). The SHH protein was in a... 

Fig. 4 Cyanogen Bromide Digest of Sonic Hedgehog Protein.

Fig. (14). Intramolecular autoprocessing reactions of Sonic hedgehog proteins.

Palmitoylation, the addition of 16 0 to a protein, is also commonly observed. This modification to the sulfydryl side chain of cysteine residues occurs post-translationally and is reversible. Both membrane-associated proteins and integral membrane proteins can be palmitoylated examples are ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and sonic hedgehog. Protein palmitoyl transferases also use the CoA derivative of the fatty acid as a substrate. Several proteins are modified with both an N-terminal 14 0 and an S-linked 16 0 elsewhere in the protein chain, o-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are examples of dually acylated proteins. 

Figure 14.19 Simplified schematic overview of the directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to form differentiated dopamine like neurons. The full pathway details are available in Yan, Y., Yang, D., Zarnowska, E.D., Du, Z., Werbel, B., Valliere, C., etai 2005. Directed differentiation of dopaminergic neuronal subtypes from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 23, 781-790. FGF fibroblast growth factor SHH sonic hedgehog (a regulatory protein)...

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