Sondes

Keywords d rec methods, indirect methods, rock properties, coring, core barrel, standard core analysis, special core analysis, slabbed core, sidewall samples, direct indications, microfossils, sonde, logging unit, invasion, mudcake, formation pressure measurement, fluid sampling, measurement while drilling, formation evaluation while drilling. 

Figure 5.37 depicts the basic set up of a wireline logging operation. A sonde is lowered downhole after the drill string has been removed. The sonde is connected via an insulated and reinforced electrical cable to a winch unit at the surface. At a speed of about 600m per hour the cable Is spooled upward and the sonde continuously records formation properties like natural gamma ray radiation, formation resistivity or formation density. The measured data is sent through the cable and is recorded and processed in a sophisticated logging unita the surface. Offshore, this unit will be located in a cabin, while on land it is truck mounted. In either situation data can be transmitted in real time via satellite to company headquarters if required. 

Etude et realisation de sondes pour la caracterisation non destructive par courants de Foucault de couches de cementation des aciers. Les proprietes electromagnetiques des aciers dependent de leur composition, de leurs microstructures et des contraintes appliquees. II est done naturel d essayer d utiliser les parametres electriques et magnetiques des aciers pour evaluer leur microstructure. 

La sensibilite aux defauts et autres parametres de controle peut etre amelioree par le choix optimal de la sonde. II apparait, apres etudes des differents types de sondes (ferritiques, acier doux, isolant) avec des geometries differentes (plate, conique,. ..), necessaires de souligner que le succes d une recherche de faisabilite depend en grande partie de la bonne definition des capteurs de mesure, de telle sorte que ceux-ci soient adaptes au probleme considere. 

G. T. Engh and S. WaUman, Development of the Volvo Dambda-Sond System, SAE 770295, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1977. 

Operation When operated correctly, thickeners require a minimum of attention and, if the feed characteristics do not change radically, can be expected to maintain design performance consistently. In this regard, it is usually desirable to monitor feed and underflow rates and sonds concentrations, flocculant dosage rate, and pulp interface level, preferably with dependable instrumentation systems. Process variations are then easily handled by changing the principal operating controls—underflow rate and floccirlant dose—to maintain stability. 

Castaing, R. (1951) Thesis, University of Paris, Application des sondes electroniques a une methode d analyse ponctuelle chimique et cristallographique. 

R. natalensis Sond. Several amorphous alkaloids (Hindi and Groenewoud ). 

Sonde,/. soimd, probe sonde (A/ed.) bougie plummet riser (vertical pipe) boring, well, pit. 

Hsat Load in Cooler-Condensor Section Only, Q, Btu /hr., (in thou sonde)... 

Vector well direction located along the well (sonde axis) and is defined by the coordinates Z = 0, Z =0 and Z = 1. 

Total Gamma Rays. Total gamma ray logs have been run on electric wireline since 1940. The sondes are rather small in diameter (1.5 to 4 in. or 37 to 100 mm). 

Another difference between the wireline logs and the MWD logs is the logging speed. With a wireline, the sonde is pulled out at a speed of 500 to 2,000 ft/min (150 to 600 m/min). The time constant used to optimize the effect of the statistical variations of the radioactivity emission, varied from 2 to 6 s. Consequently, the log values are somewhat distorted and inaccurate. 

Due to the small invasion and the large diameter of the sonde body, a resistivity near the true resistivity of the formation is generally measured. This is particularly true in shale where no invasion takes place. The main applications are ... 

The drill collar acts as a series of elongated electrodes in a way similar to the laterolog 3 wireline sonde. The lower electrode, which is the drill bit, is used to get the forward resistivity curve. A lateral resistivity measurement is made between the two toroid receivers. An example of toroid logs is shown in Figure 4-279. 

The physics of the measurements made by the MWD neutron-density tools are similar to those of corresponding wireline sondes. A sketch of principle of the Anadrill tool is shown in Figure 4-281. 

The Gulf Coast logs shown in Figure 4-287 have been run in the same interval with MWD/LWD sondes and wireline sondes. 

Ligthelm, S. P. A New Hydroxy Acid from the Oil of Ximenia caffra Sond. 

Cf. the review on Photoelectron Spectra of Silicon Compounds by H. Bock, B. Solouki in The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds (Eds. S. Patai, Z. Rappoport), Wiley Sond, Chichester 1989, p. 555 - 653 (252 references). 

By base catalysed condensation of the aldehyde 92 with the ketone 73 Sond-heimer and Ojima41 secured a 42% yield of the ketone 93 which underwent cyclisa-... 

The fatty acid composition of a bacterium. Vibrio parahaemolyiicus, was obtained after saponification. The method gives results in good agreement with those of gas chromatography except that in RPC sonde previously unidentified constituents were resolved (5/5). 

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