Some Standard Phosphonates and Organic Polymers

The 1980s produced a wide range of new copolymers, often using chemistry based on acrylic acid with sulfonic acid, sulfonated styrene, or sulfonated acrylamide. Also, new products were introduced based on phosphinocarboxylic acids. All these modern organic polymers found immediate favor as improved iron dispersants, phosphate stabilizers, or corrosion inhibitors, with good thermal and hydrolytic stability. 

The 1990s has seen the entry of terpolymers with basic calcium carbonate control, but with designer functional groups to provide various additional properties such as excellent high-stress dispersion, iron control, phosphate control, zinc stabilization, and silica control, all on the same polymeric molecule  

Many of these newer materials have become standard polymers for inclusion in the cooling water formulations from most service companies. There are even tetrapolymers available now (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ester, acrylamide, or AA/MAA/E/AM). 

Terpolymers, especially, have become the current marketing vogue and are highly promoted by many major specialty chemical researchers and producers for incorporation in service companies formulations. This is because of their abilities to provide several specific functions in one product. 

increasingly there are established manufacturers who periodically offer new polymer products to service company formulators but now limit the disclosure of information (such as molecular structure and functionality) on the grounds of confidentiality. These manufacturers tend to rely on the 

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